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Payoff of having children - Do elderly parents of more children live in a nursing home less often?
Gömöryová, Katarína ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Landovská, Petra (referee)
This thesis examines how having children impacts the probability of elderly parents to be placed in a nursing home using logit models. Three alternative dependent variables are tested - admission regardless of length, long-term and short-term residency. Additional regressors include demographics, living arrangements, health status, social network, functional and cognitive limitations andjobsituation. Theresultsshowthat residential proximity of children affects each type of institutionalisation. Thenumberofchildrenwasimportantforthe overall admissions regardless of length and short-term stays in a nursing home when size of the household was considered. It was never significant in case of long-term stayers. When partners shared a household together, the number of children did not play a significant role in any type of nursing home placement. In a robustness check, the number of grandchildren replaced the number of children. It was significant in case of admissions and short- term residency even though elderly partners shared one household. Therefore, our results implicate that social policy should be focused on attracting younger cohorts to stay in areas densely populated by the elderly. Keywords elderly parents, housing arrangements, number of children Title Payoff of having children - Do elderly...
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Stories of roma mothers in the context of the current trends in birthrate
MÁCHOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor work deals with birthrate of Romany mothers that exceeds the average birthrate. This work at first involves reasons which caused that the birthrate wanes in The Czech Republic since the year 1989. Next theme is about a woman-mother, her roles, position in society and above all in the family. Furthermore several interviews with eight Roman mothers of four and more children were conducted. At the beginning of the interview the respondents were asked to narrate their life stories why they are the mothers of more children. The interview shows 3 factors which caused that all eight women have thirty seven children overall. The original family, chance and a new partner. The work also contains the comparison of the results from this research and the results from dissertation written by Jana Valešová, who dealt with the birthrate of a women's sample from Brotherhood's Church.
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Stories of mothers with more children in the context of current population trends
VALEŠOVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with birth rates from the perspective of women with more children. The first part of the work presents the reasons for a decline in birth rates. In the second part we are examining which groups in the current population do not follow these trends. Subsequently an interview was conducted with eight female believers who each have four or more children. Women were asked how many children did they plan to have and which factors had influenced the number of children they actually have. Additionally, the woman were asked how the reasons that influenced the majority of the population in having a lower number of children affected them. From the interviews, four basic factors have arisen that played a role in the fact that these eight mothers have thirty-five children in total. These factors are: the life circumstances of these woman, their faith in God, their values and the possibility of self-realization. The following ethical chapter reflects on two of these factors.
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Posibilities of taking the number of children raised into consideration in the pension system construction
Veselý, Václav ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pechholdová, Markéta (referee)
The subject of diploma thesis is the pension system in the Czech Republic. We warn about the deficit increase in the future and suggest taking the number of children raised into consideration in the pension system construction. Pension system in the Czech Republic is described in detail. The first "pay-as-you-go" pillar represents the main part of the system. It could bring financial problems (if the retirement pension and pension income tax will stay at the same level as now) considering the expected trends in demography. Population projection was calculated using cohort component method (including migration). The threshold for the projection is year 2011, projection is calculated with 100-year horizon. There were also calculated revenues and expenses of the pension system for each projected year. If the expected parameters of the projection will be realized, the deficit of pension system in the hundred year period will reach 9.5 billion Kč (prices 2011). It represents the deficit 95.3 milliard Kč each year in the average. To reduce the deficit it is possible to increase the pension tax paid by productive people. But it could also bring the decline of fertility, because lower income could make people decide to reduce number of children. It would deepen the problems in the pay-as-you-go system. The financial problem of pension system could be solved by taking the number of children raised into consideration of the pension system construction. It would eliminate the situation that it is economically more favourable to be childless during the life. It could also bring the fertility increase. In the diploma thesis the value of the deficit is simulated for the various parameters of pension system and for the various demographic development in the future.
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Rate of return on old age pension system
Audy, Daniel ; Klazar, Stanislav (advisor) ; Dugová, Alena (referee)
Old age pension scheme system consists of two time periods of different lengths. During the first stage the insured persons contribute financially a certain part of their base of assess into the system. For purposes of this work we can call this sum a percentage of their income. On reaching a certain age the insured people can draw regular amounts of money, called old age pension. Insurance rate should be paid for a longer period of time and in smaller amounts. Old age pension should be, on the other hand, higher and be available for a shorter period. This works tries to find out which of these two sums (in total) is higher: insurance rate of pension.The value studied is the rate of return, which compares the money paid by the state with the insurance money. Actual employees' salaries reflecting the progression of the lifetime income were used in calculations. Concurrently, this work enables to understand the method of calculation of old age pension nominal value for the year 2011 and takes into account the changes within the so called small pension reform.
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