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Vliv typu ustájení na reakci koní na nový předmět
ČERNÁ, Michaela
Horses are highly sensitive animals that react intensely to new objects or environments that are unfamiliar to them. This rapid response stems from their natural role as prey in the wild, which is why they have instinctive fright reactions. The aim of this thesis was to develop a methodology for testing horses' reactions to new objects based on available literature and to evaluate the influence of factors such as type of housing and the age of the horses. The testing included 18 horses aged between 1 and 22 years from three types of housing (active stable, box housing, and pasture housing). Fear tests lasting 5 minutes monitored reactions to objects such as colored ribbons and a blue tarp. The mattress crossing test lasted a maximum of 10 minutes. In both fear tests with colored ribbons and the tarp, horses from box housing showed greater signs of nervousness. Statistically, they spent more time moving compared to horses from the active stable (an average of 10,5 seconds more for colored ribbons and 4,8 seconds more for the tarp). Conversely, individuals from active stables consistently spent more time exploring (an average of 17 seconds more for colored ribbons and 25 seconds more for the tarp). In the fear test of mattress crossing, no difference was demonstrated between the horses from the observed types of housing (p-value = 0,679 > 0,05). A correlation analysis assessed the influence of age on the duration of various behavioral displays when encountering a new object. In the case of the tarp and colored ribbons test, older horses spent less time standing, exploring, galloping, and inside the designated circle compared to younger individuals. Conversely, older horses walked more and spent more time on the tarp and eating compared to younger ones. Older horses needed more time to overcome the mattress compared to younger ones (r = 0,12). The significance of the enriched environment, presented in this work by the active stable, is in the milder reaction of horses to new objects and the reduced risk during human contact.
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Neophobia, neophilia, and dietary conservatism in birds
Beranová, Eliška ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Hotová Svádová, Kateřina (referee)
Birds` reactions towards novelty are demonstrated by two significant processes - neophobia and neophilia. These reactions often vary according to specific type of novel stimulus. Differences in levels of neophobia and neophilia enable birds to deal with potential costs and benefits arising from encountering a novel stimulus. Reactions towards novelty in birds may vary between different species as well as within them. In between species variability in levels of neophobia/neophilia may be related to dietary strategy and lifestyle. Differences in neophobia/neophilia of an individual bird may be related to sex, age, and personality. Long-term avoidance of novel food - dietary conservatism may follow the initial food neophobia. Again it varies a lot between species as well as within them. Key words: neophobia, neophilia, dietary conservatism, novel stimulus, novel object, novel food
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Neophobia, neophilia, and dietary conservatism in birds
Beranová, Eliška ; Hotová Svádová, Kateřina (referee) ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor)
Birds` reactions towards novelty are demonstrated by two significant processes - neophobia and neophilia. These reactions often vary according to specific type of novel stimulus. Differences in levels of neophobia and neophilia enable birds to deal with potential costs and benefits arising from encountering a novel stimulus. Reactions towards novelty in birds may vary between different species as well as within them. In between species variability in levels of neophobia/neophilia may be related to dietary strategy and lifestyle. Differences in neophobia/neophilia of an individual bird may be related to sex, age, and personality. Long-term avoidance of novel food - dietary conservatism may follow the initial food neophobia. Again it varies a lot between species as well as within them. Key words: neophobia, neophilia, dietary conservatism, novel stimulus, novel object, novel food
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