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Methodological guidance for management in vulnerable zones
Klír, Jan ; Kozlovská, Lada ; Haberle, Jan ; Mühlbachová, Gabriela
The methodology describes measures for protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources in vulnerable zones of the Czech Republic. The methodology clearly describes individual requirements of the 4th Action Programme of the Nitrates Directive for the period 2016–2020 as adapted by CR government for reduction of nitrogen losses by nitrates leaching into surface water and groundwater, reduction of surface water eutrophication and reduction of nitrates transmission to the neighboring countries in waters flowing from the territory of the Czech Republic. The aim is to reduce water pollution from nitrogen compounds from agricultural sources into the aquatic environment, the results of which are such as to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and to aquatic ecosystems, damage to amenities or interference with other legitimate uses of water. The publication also includes links to selected technical publications and related legislation.
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Management principles for waters protection against pollution by nitrates
Klír, Jan ; Kozlovská, Lada
The methodology summarizes the codes of good agricultural practices for protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. The requirements contributing to reduction of nitrogen losses as exclusion of nitrogen fertilization during unsuitable periods, on flooded, frozen or snow covered soils are concisely described. Further, the recommendations for management of sloping fields, in proximity of surface waters and the principles of fertilizer use respecting soil-climate conditions, nitrogen demand by crops and soil nutritional status are given. Explanation of basic technical terms and references of relevant publications and legislative norms are supplied.
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Model assessment of an influence of waste water treatment plant with GIS
Kočová, Iva ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee)
The subject of this thesis is a description of various types of mathematical models aimed at the spread of pollution in the river downstream and selection of the most suitable type of model and design the new one with using MATLAB. The application of the model is performed on Karlický creek, where it will be put into operation a new wastewater treatment plant Vysoký Újezd. Using the assembled model there are presented three simulation studies showing the dependence of time on the concentration of nitrate. These are: Simulation of accident of the wastewater treatment plant Vysoký Újezd Excessive intake of nitrate caused sheet erosion from adjacent agricultural land Combination of both simulations Individual studies present the effect of nitrate on the water quality in Karlický creek, which falls into two categories of protection, Český kras area and Nature Reserve Karlické údolí. The aim of the above simulation studies is to demonstrate the spread of the nitrate into the various compartments along the entire length of the watercourse, and to show the loss of the nitrate over time and to compare the effects of point and diffuse sources of pollution. The model is calibrated according to the samples taken in Karlík creek during the period from 30 June 2008 to 31.12. 2009th . The results of...
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Quantification of the impact of rainfall-runoff events on nutrient loads from the watershed
STREITOVÁ, Eva
This diploma thesis deals with clarification of an influence of rain discharge events on nutrients loss from drainage area and which rain discharge events are the main cause of the loss. Within the scope of this the influence of these episodes on drainage area of the Jenínský brook will be quantified, more specifically sub-drainage area J2. The thesis describes not only the circle of water in the nature, specification of rain drainage events origin, but also the very factors which influence the water drainage and the loss of nutrients caused by the drainage. Furthermore, the basic nutrients which appear the most often and in the biggest quantities in our waters are described, these being nitrogen and phosphor and last but not least what is described here is the total loss of nutrients in water during rain drainage events. The description of a drainage area itself and a water intake profile J2 follows. The water intake profile J2 was the source for processing the results. The results were processed by several computational methods, which were compared to each other in the end. The loss during 5 extreme rain events was calculated and so was their percentage representation in the total annual losses and the consecutive evaluation of the results.
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Dynamics of phosphates and nitrates in (Liderovice, Radimovice u Tábora, Košín and Jordán) water systems.
KURAL, Vladimír
This thesis deals with the evaluation of concentration levels of phosphates, nitrates and other parameters (pH, conductivity, suspended solids, alkalinity, total carbon, inorganic carbon, total organic carbon and total nitrogen) in fishpond systems at Tabor. Further was to consider the difference in value depending on the age of the systems and agricultural activities in their vicinity. Samples were taken in season 2015 Liderovické pond system (2 sampling points at the top of the system, one sampling point in the outflow from the system), Radimovická pond system (one sampling point at the top of the systém, one sampling point at the outlet of the system) and Jordan ( one sampling point at the outfall of the pond). The highest differences were found in the values of conductivity from 279 S.cm-1 to 1230 S.cm-1, the values of total carbon from 18.75 mg.l-1 to 67.33 mg.l-1, and the values of suspended solids from 1 mg.l-1 to 117.33 mg.l-1. The gradual increase in the value of NO3-N and PO4-P was registered during the season with Jordan. Based on the results we can say that the older (Radimovická system) showed higher levels of total carbon and younger (Liderovická system) showed higher NO3-N depending on land use in the surrounding area.
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Determination of the quality parameters of drinking water in selected agricultural subjects in the district Jindřichův Hradec
KUČEROVÁ, Monika
The thesis deals with the issue of drinking water. The aim of the study is to evaluate quality parameters of drinking water in connection with legislation attending to this issue. The evaluation was conducted in nine agricultural subjects and analyzes of drinking water were determined and evaluated. Microbiological and hydrochemical indicators of drinking water were compared within the year 2015. Regarding microbiological indicators, coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, psychrophilic bacteria were followed. Ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphor, total inorganic carbon, total organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, pH, conductivity were followed regarding hydrochemical indicators. The final values showed exceeded values of the microbiological indicators at five sampling sites according to applicable legislation. Furthermore, threshold values of total organic carbon were exceeded in all tested agricultural subjects and also values of nitrate nitrogen in drinking water were increased at three subjects evaluated throughout the year.
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Changes in physico-chemical parameters of the Orlik reservoir selected tributaries
ZELENKOVÁ, Kamila
The topic of the thesis is determination of concentration of dissolved solids in water and seasonal changes in surface water chemistry for specific affluents of Orlík water reservoir. Water samples were collected on regular basis and analysed in a laboratory during one season (November 2014 - November 2015). The thesis is focused on monitoring of changes in phosphate and nitrate concentrations, in particular. The results of analysis indicate that measured concentrations of substances at monitored locations reflect generally measured data within the region. Concentrations of NO3-N peak in winter to early spring seasons, therefore seasonal changes do occur; differences between locations have not been proven statistically. As for the parameter PO4-P within locations downstream pond systems no significant statistic differences were identified. Values of PO4-P concentration are not primarily associated with agricultural activities but rather with local sources existing within the catch basin. It has been concluded from testing water quality upstream and downstream fish ponds that pond management had no impact on quality of water within the monitored locations in 2015; respectively no additional phosphor and nitrogen load was imposed on Orlík water reservoir
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