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AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN HEAT TREATMENT CONDITIONS AND B2 <-> B19 ' TRANSFORMATION IN Ni-Ti SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Kuběnová, Monika ; Zálešák, Jakub ; Čermák, Jiří ; Dlouhý, Antonín
This study investigates the influence of a heat treatment atmosphere on multistage martensitic transformations in a Ti-50.9at% Ni shape memory alloy. Evacuated quartz tubes were filled with hydrogen while the hydrogen partial pressure was carefully controlled in each experiment. The encapsulated specimens were subjected to heat treatments consisting of annealing and aging. After the heat treatment, the path of martensitic transformation was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On cooling, martensite initial temperatures decrease with the increasing partial pressure of hydrogen applied during the heat treatment. Moreover, the formation of martensite phase may not take place for partial pressures that exceed a certain limit. On the other hand, two-and multiple-step B2/R/B19' martensitic transformations are observed in specimens heat treated at lower hydrogen pressures. Results obtained using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly show that the size of Ni4Ti3 precipitates becomes smaller in alloys that were heat treated at higher hydrogen pressures. The results are discussed in terms of a chain of events. It is suggested that diffusion of hydrogen into the specimen during the annealing step first influences the nucleation of the Ni4Ti3 phase. The sizes and distribution of the Ni4Ti3 precipitates than control the characteristics of B2/B19' transformation.
Impact of Heat Treatment Environment of Microstructure and Transformation Path in NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
Kuběnová, Monika ; Zálešák, Jakub ; Čermák, Jiří ; Barták, Tomáš ; Dlouhý, Antonín
We report results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments in which heat flow (T) from and to Ti-50.9at%Ni shape memory samples was recorded during the temperature scan through a B2  B19’ transformation range. Prior to the DSC experiments, the samples were separately annealed in evacuated quartz capsules containing different hydrogen and helium mixtures with an overall filling pressure of 900 mbar. The quartz tubes containing the annealed samples were subsequently quenched into cold water. After quenching, the capsules were opened, martensitic transformations were investigated by DSC and the microstructure of the samples was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Annealing in the mixtures with an increasing partial pressure of hydrogen led to a considerable drop in the latent heat associated with the B2  B19’ martensitic transformation. Results obtained using TEM suggest that hydrogen may function as a catalytic substance that accelerates the long range ordering of Ni atoms in early stages of Ni4Ti3-phase precipitation. The selected area diffraction study focused on patterns in <100>B2 and <110>B2 zones and provided evidence for diffuse scattering due to spatial modulations of the lattice constant. These variations in the background electron intensities might be related to a precursor of Ni4Ti3 phase in its early state of formation.

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