|
|
Imperfections of the skiagraphs.
JECHOVÁ, Kateřina
The purpose of my Thesis was to find and document occurrence of imperfect skiagrams in all types of radiographic views, this means classic films, computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR). The research question is "Is there any correlation between number of imperfect skiagrams and number of total skiagrams taken?" I documented rate of imperfect skiagrams in hospital České Budějovice in the time between the years 2013 2015. The Thesis is divided to two main sections: History of Display media and the principle of displaying with all types of displays. Imperfect skiagrams were sorted by origin to: Imperfections caused by operations, imperfections caused by patient and imperfections caused during processing. In my thesis I found out that there is not direct correlation between icreasing number of examinations and number of processed skiagrams. In the reporting period between 2013 2015 there is dependency only in year 2013. In the next two years there is discrepancy in the tracked parameter. The increasing number of examinations and the introduction of new investigative techniques and the rotation of employees (the onset of graduates, as well as radiologists and doctors, their incorporation) are the occurrence of erroneous skiagrams inconsistent with the increasing number of examinations. The monitoring of imperfect skiagrams at the Hospital of České Budějovice is an indicator of the quality of displaying where the upper limit is set at 2.5%. In the reference period, it ranges from 0.2% to 1.76%. Employees are introduced every month and cumulatively once a year to the numbers and types of bad skiagrams to eliminate these errors as much as possible.
|
|
|
Digitization, the advantages and disadvantages, compared with analog processing of X-ray method with respect to radiation dose
TONCROVÁ, Silvie
Many years have passed since the discovery of X-rays, and yet X-ray examination remains one of the most frequently used examinations today. During the course of existence of radiological science, high-performance X-ray machines have been developed for basic radioscopy and radiographic techniques. In recent decades, computing technology has been increasingly applied in X-ray devices, and has become the basis for new X-ray examination techniques, introducing digitalization to the field of X-ray diagnosis. The objective of my work is to compare the advantages and disadvantages of digital processig of X-ray images versus analogue techniques, and to compare the economic and operational costs of these systems and the doses used in the respective devices. The comparisons were made at departments and units equipped with systems of direct digitalization, indirect digitalization, and analogue image processing. My hypothesis that the use of digital devices entails a lesser radiation burden for patients was confirmed. This is well apparent from the tables and graphs documenting the results of my measurements. I also provide a basic description of the generation and processing of X-ray images using the respective systems, some legislative requirements, and an explanation of basic terms and technicals data about the diagnostic devices used. This work indicates that digitalization in the field of radiodiagnostics contributes to the reduction of radiation dose for patients and is more economical for major healthcare facilities. Digitalized systems place greater demand on the software for image creation, but when properly used, they facilitate and expedite the work of radiology assistants and improve the quality of patient care.
|
|
|
X {--} ray exposition parameters for imaging of prehistoric material.
HOLUB, Jan
The research of prehistoric skeletal samples using X {--} ray techniques is now a routine practice. With the development of digital technologies, the process of image is significantly faster, and subsequent processing brings more information that increases the yield of such research. Due to the availability of different systems, it is not clear which technology is the best for anthropological purposes. Moreover, when there is a huge quantity of samples to be imaged, we often obtain poor quality images. That in turn requires us to experiment with the setting of proper exposure times, thus slowing the entire imaging process. The objective of this work is to determine exposure parameters for prehistoric skeletal samples and to evaluate their effectiveness in direct and indirect digitalization systems. A subsequent goal is to compare the devices in terms of operation, quickness and quality of images, and to provide recommendations for the most suitable technology for working with these samples.
|
|
|
Analysis of X-ray images processing
DOSTÁLOVÁ, Lucie
Analysis of X-ray Images processing Film was the original recording medium used for recording X-ray images. It was then replaced by a film-foil system. Digital recording systems are currently replacing the film systems throughout the Czech Republic. The manufacturers of X-ray equipment are actively promoting this conversion. In sharp contrast with other branches of technology, the basic principles of X-ray technology have not changed much since its invention more than 100 years ago. It is possible to scan a digital recording directly by using large screen detectors or indirectly with the help of recording foils. The archival system is also an integral part. Digital X-rays have many advantages. Among them are: high quality pictures developed nearly instantaneously, the ability to immediately check them, the possibility of adjusting them afterwards, the possibility of archiving them, the possibility of transferring the data through a computer network, lower operating cost (provided the archiving is digital only) and sequencing. The disadvantages are the initial cost of acquisition and the added expense of archiving if the records are maintained in film form as well as on the server. The direct digitalizing of an X-ray picture is based on recording the picture with the help of scanning detectors. Flat panel detectors which transform a picture originated by X-ray exposure directly onto a picture recording, are used for the detection. The indirect digitalizing of an X-ray picture is based on recording a picture on memory foils which are stored in special cassettes, similar in size and shape to the cassettes for film materials. After exposure the cassette is read into a digitalizer, which produces a similar digital recording. Photographic documentation is made and archived, almost always using the DICOM format which makes full compatibility possible on a worldwide basis. The foil is reusable and the recorded picture is deleted with intense light.
|
|
|
Possibilities of separate activity of radiologic assistant on the field workplace
VICHROVÁ, Olga
This bachelor thesis with in the range of independent work of radiologic assistant in different types of field departments. The teoretical part describes tha systém of field departments and the work of the radiologic assistant in this department. There are physical notes necessary for the introduction of the problem, there is also a description of the analogue system, division and description of the process. The final part of the work deals with teleradiology that in the future can expedite the work of radiologic assistants in their field departments. The aim of this work was to estimate the benefit of data digitizing the work of radiologic assistant in different field departments. It was estimate that there will be improvement in the technical and organizational part of work. Two hypoteses were determined. First hypotesis assumed that digitizing will expedite and improve the quality of work of the radilogic assistant. The second hypotesis assumed that digitizing will improve the care of patients. Both the hypoteses were confirmed. The outcomes were gained by comparison of time and economic savings in the of radiologic assistants in two different types of medical centres. This work proves that data digitizing can reduce the time of diagnostic process, and can improve the quality of care of patients. It also speeds-up and expedites the work of radiologic assistant, and for large medical centres it is also economic gain.
|
guest ::
