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closed spaces- reason for closure, establishing boundaries, their designation, security, mode of the internal space
JIRÁŇOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor's thesis is focused on issues regarding closed spaces during an intervention- reasons for their closing, setting of boundaries, marking, security and mode of an inner space. In the introductory part are stated most common reasons for the closing of spaces. Bachelor's thesis is divided into theoretical and explorative parts. In the theoretical part are selected and described some reasons for closing a space during an intervention. In the theoretical part of bachelor's thesis are briefly described 12 reasons for a space's closing. For each reason is stated a bried definition, what each problem involves and whom it imminently endangers. Next is described a space, which must be closed. How are set and marked its borders, so no damage or harm to intervening persons takes place, and who takes care of the security of these closed spaces. Borders always change according to the cause. In some cases is a closed space small. For example, during fires with small range. But in some cases must come to pass the closing of large areas, in which an emergency occurs. These areas are then divided into individual zones, according to where certain dangers occur, where are Emergency service's organs situated, and where is an area, where no unauthorized person may enter, 's outer border. Sometimes these zones must be furtherly divided into individual sections and sectors. In all of these areas have intervening organs given actions and tasks in advance. Due to that were for given advance emergencies worked out catalogue files of model actions of Emergency service's organs in the area during an intervention. In these model actions are described tasks, actions and what organs are present during an intervention. The goal of this work was to find out if organs of Emergency service and emergency management are sufficiently prepared for the closing spaces of described individual situations. In the explorative part was asked the question: "Are the organs of Emergency service and emergency management prepared and equipped for occuring emergencies?" This question was put to a chief of the station, commander of a "C" platoon of Fire department of South Bohemia local department Prachatice. Results of these interviews proved that members of Fire department of South Bohemia local department Prachatice are sufficiently prepared for interventions in individual cases, which are stated in the theoretical part of bachelor's thesis. In particular, these include sufficient theoretical training via a form of training courses, practice of usage of protective suits for specific emergencies and breathing techniques. There are also performed tactical drills for these individual events in accordance with plans of Fire department of South Bohemia. If it included an extensive leakage of dangerous substances, firefighters are prepared to set up individual zones in closed space, carry out the rescue of persons found in said space and take measures to prevent further leakage of dangerous substance. Due to the reason of limited material equipment and the amount of serving firefighters in one shift, it is needed to request from a foothold of Fire department of South Bohemia local department České Budějovice an unit with special equipment suited for leakage of dangerous substances through Operation and informational system of South Bohemia. Identical question was also put to a worker of emergency management of Municipalities with extended competence Vodňany. It was clear from the interview that this worker of emergency management of Municipalities with extended competence Vodňany is very well acquainted with the problem of described emergencies. He overlooks sufficient technical equipment, readiness and actualization of individual plans of MEC Vodňany. He also participated in preparation training Zone 2015. He was able to describe to me in detail how Municipalities with extended competence Vodňany proceeds during stated emergencies.
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Transport of dangerous substances by rail
STRAŠÍKOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis focuses on the transport of dangerous substances by rail. The transport follows the instructions of international legal regulation which is called Regulations Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID). The Regulations is the main document for transport of dangerous substances in the CR and also in other forty contractual countries which accepted RID's conditions. Dangerous substances are transported a lot and the increase of transported substances in the future is predictable. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis contains an enumeration of international and internal legal regulations which are related to problems of transport of dangerous substances. The theoretical part also describes risks of dangerous chemical substances and mixtures and the labelling of dangerous substances according to RID. The Regulations includes the description of particular categories of dangerous substances, the characteristic of substances and the pattern which is used on the precautionary sign. All the means of transport which are used for transport of dangerous substances are labelled according to UN system. This precautionary labelling must be on all the wagons. The important section of the theoretical part is the chapter focuses on activities and duties of safety advisers. The end of the theoretical part is the chapter about treatment with dangerous substances which includes packaging, loading and unloading. These goals were determined for processing of this thesis: To map and to describe the transport of dangerous substances from loading to unloading. To evaluate how safety the transport of dangerous substances by rail is. To evaluate preparedness of fire and rescue services for possible extraordinary events connected with leakage of dangerous substances during the transport by rail. Thanks to analysis of available literary sources and corresponding legal regulations was discovered that European regulations and international agreements are successfully accepted into legal regulations of the CR. For fulfilment of goals and for answer a research question, it was necessary to make qualitative research via prepared questionnaires. The questionnaire was created from sixteen open questions. These questions were aimed at safety advisers from different companies in the CR. The condition was: The companies have to deal with cargo transport of dangerous substances by rail according to RID. The questionnaire was mainly focused on duties and training of safety advisers, on the transport of dangerous substances by rail and their quantity, on the description of activities during loading and unloading, on activities of employees and fire and rescue services during the extraordinary events connected with leakage of dangerous substances. It is also focused on their own evaluation how safety the transport of dangerous substances by rail is. From the five addressed companies even four safety advisers were willing to cooperate and to contribute to creation of this bachelor thesis. They were willing to cooperate despite their workload. The goals were fulfilled thanks to gained data from the questionnaires. The research question was also answered. It was discovered that the transport of dangerous substances by rail is, according to specialists, safe for all the time during the treatment with dangerous substances. The most dangerous thing is the human failure during the loading and unloading processes. The fire and rescue services intervene during the leakage of dangerous substances which happens in the course of transport. The fire and rescue services cooperate with safety advisers and they solve the actual extraordinary event. Their preparedness is on the high level. It is because of regular training where it is simulated the leakage of dangerous substances according to inner emergency plan. Finally, some of the railway transit corridors for the regular transport of dangerous substances were mapped.
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Extrication of tanker after accident on motorway and highway; possible consequential damages after accident.
Moravcová, Pavlína ; Krajňák, Michal (referee) ; Libertín, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis addresses optimal technology and method for extrication and subsequent towing of crashed tank trucks. Ignorance of vehicle construction and wrongly chosen technology leads to subsequent after crash damages. Professional approach leads not only to after crash damages minimization on the vehicle, road and the surroundings, but also to convoy minimization etc. Another covered topic is tank vehicle construction (semi-trailer, trailer) because knowledge of tank construction and knowledge of transported material enable quick and safe extrication. Correct extrication method (which is also described in the thesis) can be used thanks to knowledge of crashed tank construction. Not knowing all needed information leads to after crash damages. This thesis will focus mainly on how to prevent subsequent damages.
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Safety Management System for Transport of Materials and Dangerous Substances
Klímová, Zdeňka ; Krejčí, Libor (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
The task this master’s thesis was evaluated present status safety management system for transport of materials and dangerous substances. I looks this issues like whole in The theoretical part. I want to find all kritical locations. I analysis type of transport, transport routs, driver training, legislation and label the most transport of materials and dangerous substances. I want to found the risk to remove or cushion. I want to proposed preventive measures in the practical part.
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Evaluation of Selected Software Tools for Modeling the Leakage of Hazardous Substances in Accidents in the Chemical Industry
Hrušková, Veronika ; Martincová, Jana Victoria (referee) ; Adamec, Vladimír (advisor)
The thesis is aimed at the modeling of releases of hazardous substances to the designated software tools. The work consists of three parts. The first part is theoretical, which deals with hazardous substances and their legislation, accidents in industry, physical models of leakage and dispersion of hazardous substances and factors influencing their spread in the air and finally software tools. The second part, experimental, describes some software tools and their subsequent modeling. The third part is devoted to the results of modeling and analysis of selected software tools. The aim of the thesis is to analyze selected software tools for modeling the release of hazardous substances, to compare their explanatory power and potential use.
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Transport of Dangerous Substances in the Czech Republic
VANDAS, David
The topic of the diploma written assignment is "Transport of Dangerous Substances in the Czech Republic" and it was chosen for elaboration of the wholesome view on the road, train, ship and plane transportation of the hazardous materials and mixtures. These transportations represent a possible risk of damage to life, health, property or environment for the society. Hazardous materials and mixtures nowadays are being transported in large measures and there is an assumption in the future that the volume of the transported hazardous materials and mixtures will increase. For elaboration of this written assignment three hypothesis were given: a) Legal regulations of the European Union and the Czech Republic solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough. b) The public has enough information about the transportation of the hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. c) People that work in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials or mixtures are well informed about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. For determining whether the legal regulations solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough the literary sources which deal with this issue, legal regulations of the Czech Republic and the European Union and other international agreements were used. After working through these sources it was found out that the international, the EU and Czech legal regulations or agreements solve this issue well enough and emphasis is given on convergence of legal regulations of all transportations. Implementation of international agreements and legal regulations of the European Union into the legal regulations of the Czech Republic happens in the present time very fast and without failures. For figuring out the awareness of the public and awareness of the people working in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures for the diploma written assignment on the topic of "The Transportation of Hazardous Materials and Mixtures on the Territory of the Czech Republic" there was a quantitative research made. The quantitative research was made with the help of handed out questionnaires. The public was represented by the employees of the Regional Municipalities of the Czech Republic. Both of the groups were given the same questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire research were evaluated, expressed in percentage and statistically assessed. For the statistical assessment the double selection T-test was used to find out whether the difference between the assessed groups is statistically important. People working in the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures have sufficient information which was confirmed by the questionnaire research. By the made statistical assessment it was found out that the difference between the groups is statistically significant and so the public does not have sufficient information related to the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures. Due to the results of the questionnaire research and mainly that the hypothesis b) - The public has enough information about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures was not confirmed. In the conclusion of the written assignment there are a couple of suggestions for improvement of the awareness of the public. For example as a part of education at primary and high schools and training schools where this education is already running as a part of The Protection of Human during Incidents. This education has been going on since 2003. And that is why the older people in the public are not well met with this issue and they should be introduced to it by for example a media campaign by means of short TV spots on public television channels or by means of spots that already the Independent BESIP Department of the Ministry of Transportation makes up. These spots are called Besipky.
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