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National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Transcriptional regulation of GAL genes - model for chromatin structure study
 Brožková, Anita ; Folk, Petr (advisor) ; Konířová, Jana (referee)
The GAL system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables this budding yeast to metabolize galactose. Expression of GAL genes is controlled by a regulatory cascade in which galactose triggers the activation of GAL gene expression, whereas glucose acts as a repressor. GAL genes in yeast have been used for decades as a model system for transcription regulation in eucaryotes. The products of GAL genes are GAL regulatory and GAL structural genes. Intriguingly, during studies of the GAL system it has been discovered that one of the regulatory genes and the structural gene for the galactokinase enzyme are apparently related. It has been suggested that an ancestor of the two genes underwent a gene duplication event which allowed the paralogs to gain different functions. The GAL genes serve as a model system for the study of chromatin changes during transcription activation or repression. Transcriptional repression of GAL1 and GAL10 genes via ncRNA represents one of the recently discovered regulatory mechanisms of the GAL system. This mechanism has been discovered due to the changes in the histone methylation pattern across the GAL10 locus. However, the latest discovery in GAL gene regulation has probably been the role of nuclear localization of the GAL1,-7,-10 cluster in response to changes of carbon sources. GAL genes...
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RNA biology of symbiotic bacteria in insects
 MACHOVÁ, Kamila
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent an important part of bacterial genomes. However, only few studies RNAs with limited sampling were done concerning ncRNAs of insect endosymbiontic bacteria. This study provides a broad in silico genome sampling of insect endosymbionts (63 lineages of 27 genera) for ncRNAs and their modifications. Most strikingly it was found out that i) genes encoding modification enzymes conserved in particular genomes differ to high extent, ii) most of tRNA and rRNA modifications sites are conserved regardless whether the gene encoding the corresponding modification enzyme is conserved, iii) multiple endosymbiont lineages do not encode a full set of tRNAs. Our data imply that translation of endosymbionts is much less efficient compared to phylogenetically related free-living bacteria and that some of symbionts possibly need to cooperate with their cosymbionts or maybe even with their host to maintain translation.
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