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The Status of German as a Language of Science
Vávrová, Lucie ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Kaderka, Petr (referee)
In this thesis the languages in different types of scientific communication were estimated. The aim of this study was to determine the status of German language in the scientific communication. Firstly, the languages were found out in which the authors could publish and actually publish their manuscripts in the journals in the Czech Republic and in the German-speaking countries. Secondly, the languages were evaluated in which the authors present their conference papers. As another type of the scientific communication, those languages were estimated in which it is possible to study different disciplines, as well as foreign languages that are taught at universities. The results show that English has become the most important international language of the scientific communication and that German has lost its position in the international scientific communication. And to some extent German is also losing its position in the national scientific communication.
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Czech Lexicography of the 15th Century
Voleková, Kateřina ; Dittmann, Robert (advisor) ; Kučera, Karel (referee) ; Pleskalová, Jana (referee)
Mgr. Kateřina Voleková Česká lexikografie 15. století Czech Lexicography of the 15th Century Abstract The thesis deals with Czech medieval lexicography. Based on research into rich manuscript material totalling over 350 items, it describes the development of Czech lexicography from Czech glosses in foreign-language texts and first Latin-Czech glossaries to the flourishing Czech lexicography of the 15th century covering both Latin-Czech, Czech-Latin and multilingual lexicographical works and also infrequently attested Czech monolingual dictionaries. The high number of lexicographical works is divided according to formal and content criteria. With respect to form and macrostructure we discern Czech glosses in Latin and Latin-German glossaries, a bilingual glossaries with Czech as one of the languages, alphabetaries and nomenclators and glossaries lacking an ordering criterion. With respect to the content we distinguish large dictionaries covering as many lexical items as possible on one hand and short glossaries covering only a narrowly delimited part of vocabulary on the other hand. The lexicographical works are supplied with a short description which is in case of short and yet unedited works complemented by an edition using transcription. The thesis also contains description of selected phenomena of...
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Comparative Analysis of Czech, English and German Proverbs in Jirotka's Saturnin
Sehnalová, Kamila ; Matuchová, Klára (advisor) ; Ženíšek, Jakub (referee)
This thesis analyses and compares the typical features and tendencies of Czech, English and German proverbs with specific reference to the book Saturnin by Zdeněk Jirotka. The theoretical part summarizes the complexity of proverb-definition. It also deals with the different ways of translating proverbs and, last but not least, the concrete specifics of proverbs in the particular languages are introduced. Within the practical part, the proverbs contained in the original version of the book Saturnin - and its English and German translations are analysed from different viewpoints (e.g. existence and non-existence of proverbs, motivation, semantic differences, poetic and grammatical features etc.). The aim of this thesis is to assess to what degree the proverbs of the individual languages studied differ and, conversely, what common tendencies their proverbs display. Key words: proverbs, Czech, English, German, translation, Saturnin
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Karel Havlíček's German letters in Czech translations
Kukrechtová, Barbora ; Martínek, František (advisor) ; Mareš, Petr (referee)
This thesis analyzes the Czech translations of Karel Havlíček's German letters carried out by Ladislav Quis (1903) and Miroslav Novotný (1941), and the revisions made by Jaroslava Janáčková (1995) in Novotný's translation. In the introduction, the present-day situation concerning the publication of Havlíček's correspondence is outlined. A brief description of the state of the Czech language at the time of creation of Havlíček's Czech letters followes the introduction. The analysis itself focuses especially on the possible influence of the original language on the translations and the tendency to avoid such influence. Therefore, in the theoretical parts of individual chapters, some terminology regarding German grammar is explained. Language resources used by individual translators are also compared with the means common at the time of translation and in Havlíček's Czech letters to determine the extent to which the respective translations display tendency to archaize or modernize the language. The obtained data serve as a basis for determining the impression of identicity of the writer in the Czech letters and in the translations from German.
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The Travel Report by Kaspar von Sternber (1786-1787), especially because of the Aspects of the Textlinguistics
Bumbálková, Gita ; Vodrážková, Lenka (advisor) ; Ebelová, Ivana (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the historic-linguistic analysis of private travelogues of Kašpar Šternberk that were arosen in the years 1786 and 1787. Historical part is dedicated to the family of Sternberk, the life of Caspar Sternberg and political, social, cultural and linguistic development in 18th century. The textological part is oriented on syntactic - stylistic and lexical analysis of the text. According to the research, in the travelogues that is written as diary, the paratactic phrase exceeds hypotactic phrase. Hypotactic phrase consists mainly of the subordinate declarative clauses. Due to these results, the finitum was found mostly on the second and last place in a sentence. With few exceptions the position of finitum was strictly kept as well as sentence frame. By the research of the lexical analysis there was found out that in the diaries the words coming from Latin, Greek, French and Italian occur. There are mainly the expressions connected with architecture, science and art.
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Language Modelling for German
Tlustý, Marek ; Bojar, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hana, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with language modelling for German. The main concerns are the specifics of German language that are troublesome for standard n-gram models. First the statistical methods of language modelling are described and language phenomena of German are explained. Following that suggests own variants of n-gram language models with an aim to improve these problems. The models themselves are trained using the standard n-gram methods as well as using the method of maximum entropy with n-gram features. Both possibilities are compared using corelation metrics of hand-evaluated fluency of sentences and automatic evaluation - the perplexity. Also, the computation requirements are compared. Next, the thesis presents a set of own features that represent the count of grammatical errors of chosen phenomena. Success rate is verified on ability to predict the hand-evaluated fluency. Models of maximum entropy and own models that classify only using the medians of phenomena values computed from training data are used.
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Confrontation of Czech and German valency lexicons
Dušek, Ondřej ; Dovalil, Vít (advisor) ; Maroszová, Jana (referee)
This master thesis deals with a comparison of the most common German and Czech valency lexicons, focusing on the dictionaries E-VALBU and VALLEX in particular. It employs two different methods: a confrontation of selected verbal translation pairs using corpus analysis and taking the introspective valency tests of the individual dictionaries into account, as well as qualitative research among the linguists - the authors and users of valency dictionaries. The thesis proves the usability of corpus analysis for this kind of research and shows that most differences in dictionary entries are not caused by a different behavior of the respective verbs in both languages, but rather by divergent theoretical bases of the dictionaries. The interviews with selected linguists confirm the theoretical discrepancies, but also show many similar opinions and experiences, in particular those regarding practical work with the dictionaries: a stress on the user-friendliness of the dictionaries and the use of real language data from the corpora.
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Monocollocable Words in German. A reflection.
Veretelnyk, Iegor ; Vachková, Marie (advisor) ; Hejhalová, Věra (referee)
The work concerns the study of limited collocational paradigms in modern German. It is based on the corpus cooccurrence analysis and aims at the clearing up of the phenomenon of the so- called monocollocability. After the undertaken analyses and reflections there came a conclusion that corroborated the original point of view, namely, that the so-called monocollocability presents a multiplex phenomenon, where a metaphore of centre and periphery seems to be appropriate. In the analyses there occur semantically neutral word, inherently bound on certain collocated for formal reasons.
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German Public Diplomacy in the Czech Republic
Boček, Lukáš ; Druláková, Radka (advisor) ; Peterková, Jana (referee)
The phenomena of public diplomacy has been lately discussed among scientists, politicians and other interested persons very intensively. This bachelor thesis is concerned with the German public diplomacy, especially the German public diplomacy in the Czech Republic. The first chapter gives a general description of public diplomacy and related topics, such as cultural diplomacy or national branding. The second chapter offers an analysis of the German public diplomacy and focuses on its current trends and changes. The last chapter investigates the German public diplomacy in the Czech Republic.
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MasarykŽs Perception of Czech-German Relations in his Articles in the Viennese Press
Malínská, Jana
This contribution investigates the content of MasarykŽs articles and studies published in German press in Vienna, specifically in Die Zeit ů Wiener Wochenschrift für Politik, Volkswirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Kunst (1894ů1904), and its continuation Oesterreichische Rundschau (1904ů1924), and in the daily Die Zeit (1902ů1919). Masaryk was concerned mainly with Czech-German political and cultural relations in the Czech Kingdom, in the monarchy as well as in Czechoslovakia after its establishment in 1918.
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