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Radiotherapy with therapeutic x-ray device
ŠLAJSOVÁ, Karolína
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the use of therapeutic X - ray device in radiotherapy, mainly in tumor and non-tumor indications. The theoretical part of this thesis is dedicated to the completion of the first objective, which is the summary of the current uses of therapeutic X - ray devices. It is also an overview of obtain knowledge from scientific literature, it informs about the obstacles of X - ray therapy and also summarizes physical and radiobiological aspects of treatment through radiation. In the second part of the bachelor's thesis, ie. the practical part, there is an analysis carried out from data obtained from patients' documentation - patients with specific skin malignancies, which were treated with a therapeutic X - ray device in hospital of Czech Budweis, in between 2016 - 2019. The objective of this practical part of the thesis is to evaluate the effects of treatment with therapeutic X - ray devices in the previously mentioned patients over a 4 year period, where the time period was chosen on the premise of visual documentation kept by the radiotherapeutical department of the hospital of Czech Budweis. Further obtained results from the practical part of my thesis highlight the fact that the number of patients treated with therapeutic X - ray device in the radiotherapy department at the hospital of Czech Budweis does not change significantly. Evaluation of number of irradiated patients in 2016 - 2019 was determined to be the initial hypothesis, which was rejected based on the analysis of the obtained results. The entire concept of this bachelor thesis may be utilized by students of Radiology Assistant programme as an educational material, or it can be used as an informational text for the general public.
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Effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts on the survival, proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells.
Nováková, Gita ; Anděra, Ladislav (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
Tumour microenvironment, in addition to cancer cells themselves, represents important structural and functional part of the tumour. Similarly to the normal organs tumour microenvironment comprises several cell types (fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells etc.) and non-cellular components, particularly extracellular matrix. All of them form favourable conditions for the growth, proliferation, protection from the immune system- mediated destruction and nutrition of cancer cells. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the most abundant cell type of tumour microenvironment. Their origin can be traced to local normal fibroblasts, endothelial cells or epithelial cells and the transition into the CAFs phenotype is influenced with several factors secreted by cancer cells (particularly TGF-β). In contrast to fibroblasts activated during wound healing newly formed cancer associated fibroblasts expressing α-SMA are not subsequently eliminated from the respektive tissue. They persist and produce a number of pro-tumorigenic factors - SDF-1, HGF, IGF-1, IL-6, VEGF, PDGF-C, TGF-β, MMPs etc. CAFs and their secreted factors target several signalling pathways enhancing basic characteristics of the tumour, so called Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancer associated fibroblasts promote proliferation and invasiveness of...
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Využití funkčních potravin v terapii nádorových onemocnění
Vašíčková, Kateřina
This diploma thesis with the name „Use of Functional Food in Cancer Therapy“ is focused on the study of the possibility of using nutraceuticals of functional food in cancer therapy. Literary part of this work deals with the topic of functional food and their positive effects on human body, especially in prevention and treatment of various type of diseases. One of the main topic is cancer and its treatment options. These days, research using nutraceuticals as a supplementary treatment or monotherapy modality of cancer is often the subject of research. In this work, the effect of nutraceutical curcumin, whose antitumor effects were tested in vitro in both monotherapy and supplementary breast cancer treatment, were investigated. As a supplementary treatment, curcumin was tested in synergy with the cytostatic doxorubicin. Biologically active molecules have been encapsulated into a cavity of protein nanocarrier apoferritin, which has been promoted to support molecule´s therapeutic effects while protecting non-transformed breast cells. The encapsulation efficiency was about 68–72 % for all applied molecules. Stability of encapsulated curcumin and doxorubicin complexes stored in aqueous medium at 4 °C and 20 °C for 48 hours was determined by monitoring the change in optical properties, the size and surface ζ-potential of the nanoparticles or premature drug release from the nanotransporter. In addition, a colloidal stability test have been confirmed the increased protection of biologically active molecules by the process of direct encapsulation. In solutions simulating the internal environment of the organism (blood plasma, cytoplasm, endosomes), the amount of the released molecules from the apoferritin cavity was monitored at 37 °C for 48 hours. The colloidal stability test determined the blood plasma behavior for 48 hours. The toxicity of the tested complexes against the tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 was determined by several cell experiments. The HBL-100 cell line was consider as a control non-transformed cells. The research of this diploma thesis determined the oxidative stress of cell lines induced by prepared com-plexes and the rate of internalization of these formulations into cells. Biocompatibility was determined by monitoring protein corona formation on the surface of nanoparticles, activation of C3 complement component, genotoxic effects on healthy breast cell lines and hemolysis of erythrocytes in human blood.
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Survivin a nádorová imunoterapie
VENHAUEROVÁ, Anna
The main goal of this thesis was to study combination of our contemporary immunotherapy based on specific and nonspecific immunity with survivin inhibition. I studied molecular structure of survivin, his cellular localization, functions but in particular his targeting and blocking and possible positive and negative consequences on immune system and immunotherapy. Finally, I suggested possibilities of including survivin in our immunotherapy.
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Effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts on the survival, proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells.
Nováková, Gita ; Anděra, Ladislav (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
Tumour microenvironment, in addition to cancer cells themselves, represents important structural and functional part of the tumour. Similarly to the normal organs tumour microenvironment comprises several cell types (fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells etc.) and non-cellular components, particularly extracellular matrix. All of them form favourable conditions for the growth, proliferation, protection from the immune system- mediated destruction and nutrition of cancer cells. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the most abundant cell type of tumour microenvironment. Their origin can be traced to local normal fibroblasts, endothelial cells or epithelial cells and the transition into the CAFs phenotype is influenced with several factors secreted by cancer cells (particularly TGF-β). In contrast to fibroblasts activated during wound healing newly formed cancer associated fibroblasts expressing α-SMA are not subsequently eliminated from the respektive tissue. They persist and produce a number of pro-tumorigenic factors - SDF-1, HGF, IGF-1, IL-6, VEGF, PDGF-C, TGF-β, MMPs etc. CAFs and their secreted factors target several signalling pathways enhancing basic characteristics of the tumour, so called Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancer associated fibroblasts promote proliferation and invasiveness of...
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