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Influence of Motor Stereotypes on the Quality of Musical Performance and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Keyboard Players
LECHNER, Jan
Music has long been associated with human society. The positive benefits of performing music on human beings have long been known. Increased attention has been paid to its risks recently. The negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle on the human locomotor system are discussed a lot. Nevertheless, most musicians play sitting while they can stand. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to describe the influence of motor stereotypes on the quality of music performance and development of musculoskeletal pain, and to compare the motor stereotypes of keyboard players during standing and sitting. In the theoretical part the basic knowledge about this topic is summarized. Functional description of the human locomotor system and the influence of music is provided. Both motor stereotypes that can lead to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders and physiological motor patterns are described. Music physiology and musician's medicine are also presented. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis consists of combined research consisting mainly of recording the electromyographic activity of selected muscles during performance in standing and sitting positions. The activity of the following muscles was measured bilaterally: extensor carpi radialis, trapezius descendens, pars lumbalis erectoris spinae and obliquus abdominis externus. The performance quality was evaluated both subjectively and the software analysis of audio recordings was performed. Furthermore, kinesiological examinations were performed on the probands. In addition, an online questionnaire survey was included. Mainly the results of electromyographic measurements favorize slightly the standing position for playing instruments. This work can be used in the clinical practice of physiotherapists and in the musician's medicine. It can also serve music educators and musicians themselves
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Music education in visually impaired students in primary education, especially at elementary schools of art
MINAŘÍKOVÁ, Mirka
The Bachelor thesis deals with the issue of music education in visually-impaired students at the first stage of elementary school. The thesis focuses on elementary art schools. The goal of the thesis has been to use a theoretical foundation in order to describe and map out the music education of visually impaired elementary art school students. The theoretical part contains three main chapters, the first of which explains the term visual impairment and lists its various categories while mentioning options for using the auditory, olfactory, and gustatory senses as compensatory senses by the visually impaired. The second chapter summarily describes the options and methods of educating visually impaired students. The third, last chapter focuses on the field of music education. The largest part deals with the music education of visually impaired students in elementary art schools. A qualitative procedure was used in the practical part of the thesis to attain its research goals. Questioning and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. A total of 8 respondents, from the ranks of Jižní Čechy Region elementary art school presidents, vice-presidents, and teachers, have been interviewed, with all of whom having experience with teaching visually impaired students. The output of processing the results of the practical part leads to several findings. Teachers who teach visually impaired student and lack the specialized education for teaching such students have only one option for leading their students methodically-namely to stay in touch and cooperate with the teachers of the Jan Deyl Conservatory in Prague. Adopting the Braille writing system as well as theoretical basics of music education, and thereby the actual execution of music education, are both very important in allowing a visually impaired student to play a musical instrument and in opening up to them the possibility of further education in an artistic field. What matters in playing a musical instrument is correct initiation of lessons, cooperation between the teacher and the child and his/her parents, and educational rigor on part of the teacher , who must take into account the personal capabilities, options, and needs of a student. There are several ways of including visually impaired students in collective activities. The workplace application of musical skills in visually impaired students is a common, yet often complicated thing. The thesis may raise teachers? awareness of visually impaired children and the related educational options. It may also lead to deepening the topic of expanding one?s theoretical and practical knowledge.
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