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Waterfowl and human disturbace
Klaudisová, Lucie ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
The movement of people in the countryside has considerably changed in recent decades. A man occurs in places where he previously didn't and do things that previously couldn't do. It is for example about the rapid growth of ecotourism and various kinds of sports, from water sports to sports hunting or increased traffic. Waterbirds are for their size and way of life easy target for finders of binoculars and cameras. Effect of these on numbers, distribution and behaviour of waterbirds, it is not in the interest of mentioned people. Education, training and implementation of various conservation or restrictive measures, is often the only way how to protect the birds from negative human impact. Currently there are many researches focusing on the impact of different types of human disturbance. There arise any recommendations how to reduce the impact of these activities. Examples of different types of disturbance and its effect on water birds as well as its effect on animals during recurring activities are summarized in this study.
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Influence of moulting on economy of layers breeding
AMEROVÁ, Veronika
Poultry breeding presents an important part of agricultural production. Its importance is growing in relation with globalization of market. Egg production is a very important part of that. After a period of stable growth of eggs production during 80{\crq}s and 90{\crq}s of last century, we can currently observe stagnation and decline of the production. Import of consumption eggs for dumping prices and very strict and difficult conditions for eggs production business in the frame of EU, seriously endanger future existence of eggs producers is the Czech Republic. The intention of each breeder of poultry for eggs production is to minimize the costs and maximize the production. An important tool for reaching this target is using the poultry for maximal possible period of time. That means for the second yielding cycle after molting. Although the yield of eggs during the second cycle is less frequent, the eggs are bigger and heavier. This method ensures costs savings in acquisition of new poultry. Any improvements during any faze of the eggs production, that would bring cost savings is highly appreciated. There was done a comparison of eggs production under the standard method and also under the method of using controlled molting and second yielding cycle. The project took three years. The key area of comparison was the ratio of expenses to production unit. ISA Brown poultry was used for the project. The objective was to verify the influence of molting to the efficiency of poultry in the second yielding cycle. I have focused on the economical results, such as average efficiency, costs intensity and realization price of eggs. The conclusion for the project is following: Controlled molting of layers is important economical tool to production costs savings. During the period of the project economical result (profit) achieved was higher for 617.414 Czk at the group of molted poultry, compared to the standard yielding group. The reasons are on the costs side, the most significant savings are: i) Acquisition of poultry (two times during the period of 3 years) ii) Lower costs of fodder iii) Costs of disinfection of breeding halls
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Could fur characters be a source of phylogenetic information?
VOLDŘICHOVÁ, Marie
This work analysed phylogenetic utility of several characters associated with basic coloration, moulting and whorls in Cervidae via comparison of these traits with relatively robust phylogeny of this group based on several morphological, ethological and molecular data. I was able to detect probable evolutionary history of some selected traits, their ancestral state and synapomorphies of recognized clades.
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THE QUALITATIVE SEASONAL CHANGES OF THE HORSEŚ HAIR
KUBARTOVÁ, Jana
The result of this work was to find out the changes between the summer and the winter horse{\crq}s coat (the length, the thickness and the density). According to the year season, the way of stabling, the sex and the age. The comparison measured five different body parts in winter and in summer. The samples were taken during 24 months from 44 horses every two months. Each sample contained 100 hairs per horse. The samples were taken from the neck. The review of the summer and the winter coat was made of five different body parts {--} the neck, the shoulder blades, the stomach, the saddle and the hip joint. The hair length was measured by the slide rule. The measuring instrument Lanier, which was 500 bigger. The hair number per 1 cm{$^2$} gave the coat thickness.
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Comparison of Postembryonic Development of Native and Non-native Crayfish
KANTA, Jan
The diploma thesis observed the indicators of growth in individual developmental stages of our native crayfish (Astacus astacus, Austropotamobius torrentium, Astacus leptodactylus) and non-native crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus, Orconectes limosus) under experimental conditions. The next aim of work was to describe the time of hatching of these species, the moulting interval, the frequency of moulting and increase after individual moulting during the first vegetation season in two different temperatures (15{$\rm^o$}C a 21{$\rm^o$}C).
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