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Ontogenetické změny štítné žlázy králíka
BLÁHOVÁ, Kateřina
The literature review of this thesis describes the thyroid gland in terms of morphology, physiology, microscopic structure, and its prenatal and postnatal development. The practical part focused on the monitoring of morphometric changes of the thyroid gland during the first 39 days of postnatal development at 24 New Zealand white rabbits. Morphometric measurements carried out were: the circumference, length and width of follicles and the height of thyrocytes. At birth, the average circumference of follicles was 134.54 ? 7,81m, with length of 41.85 ? 0.93 ?m, width of 39.45 ? 4.05 ?m, and the average height of thyrocytes was 5.12 ? 0.06 ?m. The measurements were repeated in 39 days of age (at the end of the experiment) with the average circumference of follicles being 231.53 ? 37.95 ?m, length of 71.09 ? 12.19 ?m, width of 68.97 ? 10.02 ?m and the height of thyrocytes 5.69 ? 0.42 ?m. All parameters with the exception of thyrocytes showed increased values. On average the circumference of follicles from birth to 39 days of age changed by 72.1%, the height of follicles by 69.9%, with the highest difference in width by 77.4%. At the age of 5 days the reduction in follicle size was observed, possibly due to the adaptation of thyroid gland to the postnatal period.
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Postnatální změny střeva králíka.
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Kristýna
The small intestine is an important organ of the gastrointestinal tract. It is undergoing the influence of internal and external factors significant adaptive changes in the postnatal life. The aim of the thesis was to provide information about the morphometric changes in various sections of the small intestine of rabbits during the 19 days of postnatal development study. It was measured length of the individual sections of the small intestine at the age of 0, 5, 10, 14 and 19 days and it was sampled for morphometric examination mucosa. The length and width of villi, the depth of crypts of Lieberkühn and the height of enterocytes were evaluated under a light microscope. The average length of the small intestine was 61,4?2,4 cm at new born rabbits and when they were 19 days old it was 106,5?9,1 cm. The most noticeable increase was observed at ileum (124,4 %). On the contrary the lowest increase was observed at jejunum (63,1 %). In the duration of 19 days development of the rabbits, the highest size of villi and crypts of Lieberkühn was in duodenum, on the other hand the lowest was in jejunum. We could also observe temporary stagnation of the growth of enterocytes in all parts of the small intestine. From the results follow that in the duration of the early postnatal development, it is duodenum, which is able to adapt in the fastest way
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Morphometric analysis of sex differences of chameleon \kur{Rhampholeon brevicaudatus}
VIK, Daniel
In recent years, it is becoming a very popular breed of so-called dwarf chameleons ( Brookesia genera , Rhampholeon and Rieppeleon ), especially for their size and also very interesting look that is the exact opposite of big colorful chameleons ( genus Furcifer ) . The most common species from these dwarfs chameleons is Rhampholeon brevicaudatus A major challenge for most breeders , however, the sex determination in these dwarf chameleons . This work aims to bring the issue of sexual dimorphism in these dwarf chameleons. Sexual dimorphism in these chameleon show to a longer and wider tail males due reproduction organs in hemipenes pockets. These hemipenes pockets are clearly visible. Among other differences identified are longer, wider and taller head of males and long bones of the limbs, as humerus and femur of males.
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Individual growth and variability of early development stage of creeping water bug Ilyocoris cimicoides (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha:Naucoridae)
PILAŘOVÁ, Simona
This thesis investigates an influence of environmental variables (temperature and food availability) on development and growth of the first three nymphal stages of Ilyocoris cimicoides Linnaeus, 1758 Individuals were housed individually in experimental cages from eklosis into adulthood. Experiments were carried out in a combination of four different temperatures (17 ?, 19 ?, 22 ? and 25 ? C) and two different modes of food availability (full-fed every day, red-fed every other day) (in eight treatments). The temperature significantly influenced the length of nymphal development. According to our expectation, shortest development was achieved in individuals reared at 25° C. Development period was prolonged by decreasing temperatures. Unpredictably, the nymphs of the 3rd instar had longest development at the lowest temperatures (17 ? C) whereas nymphal development of the 1st and 2nd instars ran faster Both, the lowest- (17 ? C) as well as the highest used temperature (25 ? C) are probably very close to the temperature limits, that corresponds to the limits of postembryonic development. The optimum temperature for development was 22 ? C. Furthermore, it has been found that food availability should also significantly affect growth and development. Surprisingly, less mortality was observed in individuals reared in reduced feeding treatment, except the only case - nymphs reared in low temperature (19 ? C), where higher mortality was found in individuals reared at the same food availability.
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Morphological analysis of the tapeworms eggs of the order Diphyllobothriidea
LEŠTINOVÁ, Kateřina
The order Diphyllobothriidea is a unique group of tapeworms in terms of the wide spectrum of definitive hosts involving all groups of tetrapods including man. They are almost globally distributed in both freshwater and marine ecosystems, but there are also terrestrial species. It is very difficult to identify species of diphyllobothriid cestodes to the species level. Morphology of the eggs might represent a new method in the differential diagnosis of these parasites. Besides the size and shape of the eggs, the structure of egg surface might play a significant role in the determination of different taxa. For the analysis of these characteristics Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. Experimental infections in hamsters and man were done.
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Biosystematic studies in the family Cyperaceae
KOŠNAR, Jan
The thesis was focused on the microevolutionary mechanisms that contribute to morphological diversity in selected members of the sedge family (Cyperaceae). Natural hybridization, evidenced from both morphological characters and molecular markers, was revealed to be a potentially important source of diversification in the tropical spikerushes of Eleocharis subgenus Limnochloa. High levels of phenotypic plasticity of clonal growth but rare genetic (ecotypic) differentiation among contrasting morphotypes were found in the polymorphic species Carex nigra, which implied that taxonomic splitting of the species was unreasonable.
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Morfocytometric investigation of haemocytes in comparative hematology
ŠUBJAK, David
Standard haematological procedures in preclinical toxicity studies are mostly carried out on mammals, more recent haematotoxicological models represent invertebrates because they can be used in the screening of myelotoxicity. In the present study, we examined haemocytes of Culex pipiens as a new potential alternative haematological in vivo model. Preparations for microscopic analysis were made from the hemolymph stained by Pappenheim's method for overstriking morphology and by toluidin blue and AgNOR for overstriking nucleoles. Microscopic photos were processed by image analysis and size of cells, nuclei and nucleoli were evaluated. Six types of haemocytes were found: granulocytes, prohemocytes, spherulocytes, plasmatocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytes. Thanks to image analysis we made a morfometric profile of each type of haemocytes and set the nucleolar coefficient. We described significant differences among prohemocytes, plasmocytes and oenocytes size. On the grounds of nucleoles size we divided haemocytes to next two significant groups. Image analysis seems to be very helpful for distinction among various haemocyte lines but we cant use it for generally separation without personal control thanks to presence of statistically significant findings for only some comparisons cell types.
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Morphometric analysis of two species Ameiurus melas and Ameiurus nebulosus, (Teleostei: Ictaluridae) occurred on territory of Czech republic
PÍCHA, Roman
North American freshwater catfishes (Ictaluridae) is family of freshwater catfishes and includes 7 genera and 48 species. Original habitat of those family is Northern and Central America, but some species were to be introduced to the other regions inclusive Europe. In Czech Republic was recorded occurrence of two species of genus Ameiurus. Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) imported by J. Šusta in 1890, and black bullhead (Ameiurus melas), which was imported in 2003 as an admixture to load of Common carp stocking material from Croatia. Distribution of these species is restricted on a small areas in the Elbe river basin and Třeboň pond system in Southern Bohemia. These species are very similar and their resolution is possible only on the basis morphometrics and anatomical diversity (number of fin rays, serration of spine on pectoral fin). Therefore was necessary carry out detailed measuring of both species with the aim of find out appropriate next differences. We measured 63 measurements by digital slide gauge and next we quantified number of fin rays. Totaly was processed 90 black bullheads and 52 brown bullheads.
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Biological characteristics and meaning of bullhead catfishes in waters of Czech republic
PÍCHA, Roman
Bullhead catfishes (Ictaluridae) is family of freshwater catfishes and includes 7 genera and 48 species. Original habitat of those family is Northern and Central America, but some species were to be introduce to the other regions inclusive Europe. In Czech republic was recorded occurrence of two species of genus Ameiurus. Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) imported by J. Šusta in 1890, and black bullhead (Ameiurus melas), which was imported in 2003 as an admixture to load of Common carp stocking material from Croatia. Their distribution is restricted on a small areas in Elbe valley and Třeboň pond system in Southern Bohemia These sorts are very similar and their resolution is possible only on the basis morphometrics and anatomical diversity (number of fin rays, serration of spine on pectoral fin). Therefore was necessary proceed closer investigation individuals hunted on territory of Czech republic with the aim of evidence occurrence of black bullhead and valorize influence of these species on our original fish species.
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