|
|
Technological optimization of a pilot line for production PP-g-IAH
Arvai, Tomáš ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with optimization of a pilot line for production polypropylene grafted with itaconic anhydride. Theoretical part describes actual knowledge about radical grafting of polyolefins with emphasis on the variety of factors affecting melt grafting. Extruded mass per hour, torque and die pressure were measured during all extrusions within optimization. Two sets of samples were prepared in the co-rotating twin-screw extruder (Brabender 25 DSE L/D = 34). Sample set prepared at 200 °C ranged from 1:2 to 1:20 molar ratio of initiator/monomer, set prepared at 230 °C ranged from 1:4 to 1:20 molar ratio. Parameters set for all extrusions were 30 RPM, reaction time 3 minutes. All samples contained the same mass concentration of monomer 0.5 %, initiator selected 2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane (Luperox 101). Degradation of samples was observed through MVR measurements, monomer content in extruded samples was analyzed by acid-base titration and FT-IR spectroscopy.
|
|
|
Preparation of materials based on reactive modified polyolefins
Běťák, Lukáš ; Žídek, Jan (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
This thesis deals with a preparation of modified polypropylene. Modified polypropylene was prepared by reaction itaconic anhydride and compounds contain primary and secondary amino group (diaminododecane, aminoethylethanolamine and aminoethylpiperazine). Knowledge of radical and condensation modification of polypropylene were summarized in the theoretical part. New application of modified polypropylene ware summarized at the theoretical part as well. In the experimental part polypropylene was functionalized by grafting with itaconic anhydride during reactive extrusion. Extrusion was carried on the co-rotating twin-screw extruder (Brabender 25 DSE L/D = 34) at 230 °C and 30 RPM. Residence time of reactive blend was 3 minutes. The modified polypropylene PP-g-IAH) contained 0.5 wt% of itaconic anhydride. 2,5 dimethyl 2,5bis(tert buthyl-peroxy)hexane (Luperox 101) was used as a radical initiator. A ratio initiator/monomer was 1:0.6 (mol/mol). PP-g-IAH was used for condensation reaction with amino compounds in molar ratios IAH/amine from 1:0,3 to 1:1. This reaction carried out in single screw extruder (Betol 1825 L/D = 39) at 210 °C and 30 RPM. Residence time of reactive blend was 3 minutes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for a calculation of reaction conversion and for description of new functional groups in the materials. This analysis confirmed the presence of amide and imide groups in the samples. Influence of amino compounds to polymer crystallinity was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Termogravimetric analysis focused on thermal stability of prepared samples and changes of thermal stability was observed in dependence of additives amount. The rheological behaviors of modified PP were analyzed by measuring the complex viscosity.
|
|
|
Modification of Polypropylene by Reactive Compounding
Svítil, Jan ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
Knowledge of radical initiated grafting was summarized in theoretical part. It also contains a part about adamantane, its derivatives and a study of their use in polymer chemistry. In experimental part radical grafted polypropylene was prepared in batch mixer Brabender at 185 and 195 °C, 40 RPM and reaction time 5 min. Initiator 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-buthylperoxy)hexane (Trigonox 101) in concentrations between 0,2 – 4 wt % was used. 1-vinyladamantane was chosen as a monomer and its concetration ranged from 0,75 to 2,24 wt %. Mechanical properties of prepared samples were tested. Sample with content of initiator 0,2 wt % and monomer 1,4 wt % showed increase in notch toughness by 56,3 %, strength by 8,7 %, ductility by 11,5 % and decrease in MFR (230 °C; 2,16 kg) by 29,7 %. Values of torque indicated grafting reactions which couldn’t be proven by use of FTIR method so more suitable methods have been proposed.
|
|
|
Modification of Polypropylene by Reactive Compounding
Svítil, Jan ; Kučera, Jaroslav (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
Knowledge of radical initiated grafting was summarized in theoretical part. It also contains a part about adamantane, its derivatives and a study of their use in polymer chemistry. In experimental part radical grafted polypropylene was prepared in batch mixer Brabender at 185 and 195 °C, 40 RPM and reaction time 5 min. Initiator 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-buthylperoxy)hexane (Trigonox 101) in concentrations between 0,2 – 4 wt % was used. 1-vinyladamantane was chosen as a monomer and its concetration ranged from 0,75 to 2,24 wt %. Mechanical properties of prepared samples were tested. Sample with content of initiator 0,2 wt % and monomer 1,4 wt % showed increase in notch toughness by 56,3 %, strength by 8,7 %, ductility by 11,5 % and decrease in MFR (230 °C; 2,16 kg) by 29,7 %. Values of torque indicated grafting reactions which couldn’t be proven by use of FTIR method so more suitable methods have been proposed.
|
|
|
Preparation of materials based on reactive modified polyolefins
Běťák, Lukáš ; Žídek, Jan (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
This thesis deals with a preparation of modified polypropylene. Modified polypropylene was prepared by reaction itaconic anhydride and compounds contain primary and secondary amino group (diaminododecane, aminoethylethanolamine and aminoethylpiperazine). Knowledge of radical and condensation modification of polypropylene were summarized in the theoretical part. New application of modified polypropylene ware summarized at the theoretical part as well. In the experimental part polypropylene was functionalized by grafting with itaconic anhydride during reactive extrusion. Extrusion was carried on the co-rotating twin-screw extruder (Brabender 25 DSE L/D = 34) at 230 °C and 30 RPM. Residence time of reactive blend was 3 minutes. The modified polypropylene PP-g-IAH) contained 0.5 wt% of itaconic anhydride. 2,5 dimethyl 2,5bis(tert buthyl-peroxy)hexane (Luperox 101) was used as a radical initiator. A ratio initiator/monomer was 1:0.6 (mol/mol). PP-g-IAH was used for condensation reaction with amino compounds in molar ratios IAH/amine from 1:0,3 to 1:1. This reaction carried out in single screw extruder (Betol 1825 L/D = 39) at 210 °C and 30 RPM. Residence time of reactive blend was 3 minutes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for a calculation of reaction conversion and for description of new functional groups in the materials. This analysis confirmed the presence of amide and imide groups in the samples. Influence of amino compounds to polymer crystallinity was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Termogravimetric analysis focused on thermal stability of prepared samples and changes of thermal stability was observed in dependence of additives amount. The rheological behaviors of modified PP were analyzed by measuring the complex viscosity.
|
|
|
Technological optimization of a pilot line for production PP-g-IAH
Arvai, Tomáš ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with optimization of a pilot line for production polypropylene grafted with itaconic anhydride. Theoretical part describes actual knowledge about radical grafting of polyolefins with emphasis on the variety of factors affecting melt grafting. Extruded mass per hour, torque and die pressure were measured during all extrusions within optimization. Two sets of samples were prepared in the co-rotating twin-screw extruder (Brabender 25 DSE L/D = 34). Sample set prepared at 200 °C ranged from 1:2 to 1:20 molar ratio of initiator/monomer, set prepared at 230 °C ranged from 1:4 to 1:20 molar ratio. Parameters set for all extrusions were 30 RPM, reaction time 3 minutes. All samples contained the same mass concentration of monomer 0.5 %, initiator selected 2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane (Luperox 101). Degradation of samples was observed through MVR measurements, monomer content in extruded samples was analyzed by acid-base titration and FT-IR spectroscopy.
|
guest ::
