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Vyhodnocení výskytu mastitid u dojnic ve vybraném chovu skotu
KOPEČKOVÁ, Kateřina
Mastitis is a serious production disease affecting dairy cattle. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the incidence of mastitis in a selected cattle farm during the study period 2022-2023. A total of 174 cases of mastitis were identified, 82 % of which were caused by environmental pathogens, the most isolated being Streptococcus uberis (68 %). The highest incidence of mastitis occurred during summer (28 %) and the lowest during autumn (22 %). The most frequently infected quarter was the right hind (34 %) and the lowest incidence was in the left front (18 %). During the study, mastitis occurred during lactations 1-6, but was most frequently demonstrated in lactation 2 (29 %), with the lowest incidence occurring during lac-tations 5 and 6 (7 %). From calving to mastitis incidence occurred most frequently in phase 4 (over 150 days), during which 31 % of mastitis occurred. The somatic cell count was 316 000, with the highest count during August 2022 (405 000).
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Vyhodnocení růstové intenzity jalovic na jejich reprodukční a užitkové vlastnosti
Voldánová, Eliška
The main aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate effects of holstein heifers growth factors and their subsequent reproduction and milk production. The heifers were rear in the same conditions and also their subsequet reproduction and milk production took place in the same stable. No significant (p> 0,05) differences in the weight of heifers weighed a tage of 225, 335, 445 and 580 days were demonstrated for heifers after the sires of the line NXB and for heifers after the sires of the line NEO. Similary, there was no evidence (p> 0,05) of the influence of the order of mother´s lactation on the growth ability of the heifers. From the reproductive indicators of the heifers, the age of embed, the age of calving and the insemination index were monitored. The heifers were most often embed at the age of 13 months. The best age if calving was from the age of 22 to 23 months. Significantly (p <0,05), the best insemination index was found out in heifers from mothers on the 4th and higher lactation (1,17). The best insemination index was shown on the group of heifers which weighed during their time of embed between 400 to 440 kg. The milk production was better after the sires of the line NXB (10556 kg). In terms of grouping by maternal lactation, the best performance was held by heifers after the mother on the 2nd lactation. The content of fat was the similar (about 4 %) in all groups of heifers. The content of protein was similar for all groups of heifers (3,36 %). The best milk production was achieved by heifers calved at the age of 23–24 months. This group had the highest content of fat and proteins. The most favorable milk yield was shown in heifers weighing between 400 to 440 kg at the time of embeding. This group also had the highest fat content, but conversely the lowest protein content.
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Zhodnocení výsledků reprodukce dojnic holštýnského a českého strakatého skotu ve vybraných chovech
VÁCA, Vít
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of reproduction of dairy breeds of cattle, specifically Holstein and Czech pied cattle. The first part of the work includes a general acquaintance with breeds of Holstein cattle and Czech pied cattle, their basic characteristics and history. Another part of the work is focused on cattle reproduction. This chapter covers the main reproductive indicators, factors affecting reproduction and problems related to dairy reproduction. The following chapter deals with a detailed description of the estrous cycle of cows. The aim of the work is to evaluate the level of fertility and other selected indicators of dairy cow reproduction (especially insemination interval, service period, pregnancy after the first insemination, etc.) breeds Holstein cattle and Czech pied cattle in selected farms. Data from selected breeds were obtained from the database of the breeding organization for the breeding year 2020/2021. This data was then processed into tables and graphs and evaluated.
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Boxové ustájení dojnic na farmě ZEVYR, spol. s. r. o.
Surmová, Lucie
The aim of this diploma thesis, which focuses on free boxing, was to compare cow's life experiences and evaluate the results of this change in housing. The introductory part introduces the concepts of milk, bovine health, disease prevention and, last but not least, the concept of welfare when changing housing. In the practical part, the impact of changes in cows' accommodation, especially on 1st and 2nd lactation, was assessed. When comparing the results, the higher milk production was, the lower the milk constituents. The impact of the new technology can be assessed as favorable on the basis of the results, which is to be seen as an overall improvement in the level of cattle breeding in the holding. During ethological monitoring of cows it was found that more time spent in the box than with old stabling technology. New housing can be considered better for animal welfare.
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Výskyt a charakteristika meticilin rezistentních stafylokoků v chovu mléčného skotu
Pajtina, Luboš
The focus of this thesis is the confirmation of the presence of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on a selected dairy bovine farm and the following typing of its isolates while using common genotyping and phenotyping methods. After the isolation of this bacteria from the samples, they were tested for the presence of mecA gene and the genes responsible for the production of enterotoxins. It was tested whether the isolates belong to the 398 sequence type and their type of spa gene sequence was determined. Then the resistance against antimicrobial agents was tested. Results of the typing were compared to those of other related articles. Finally, this thesis observes the efficiency of the sanitizing agent used at this farm and suggests further methods to reduce the occurrence of MRSA in this herd.
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Endoparazitózy skotu ve vybraných chovech Moravskoslezského kraje
Ručková, Amálie
Raising cattle is one of the key factors in animal production. The main products are milk, meat and manure. It is very important to ensure good conditions for breeding and veterinary prevention to avoid economic losses and keep the profitability. The main goal of the thesis was to compare appearance of endoparasites in cattle on two selected farms in Moravian-Silesian region, in respect of breeding technique and technology used on this farms. Between the years 2014-15 samples of feaces was collected in random intervals on both farms from combined and milk breeds. There was collected 300 samples in total from both farms. On the first farm group of cattle, which consisted of holstein milk breed, was raised without the access to pasture. On the second farm the group of cattle B,which consisted of Fleckvieh Breed, had access to pasture whole year except the winter months. The samples were collected into plastic containers mostly in fresh state. The samples were analyzed by non-invasive coprological flotation method by Brezy. Each findings of parasites were classified into classes and the intensity of infection and prevalence of parasites was determined in individual farms. In the herd (A) were diagnosed coccodias with a prevalence of 6 %, 3 % Ostertagia and Cooperia 1%. In the herd (B) were recorded prevalence of coccodias 9 %, Trichostronglus 13 %, Ostertagia 33 %, Cooperia 1 %, Oesophagostomum 3%, Trichuris 4 % and Capillaria with prevalence of 2 %. In any of these herd no flukes and tapeworms were found. Overall the prevalence and intensity of infection of cattle endoparasites were very low during the research.
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Evaluation of cattle rearing on the family farm
VRHEL, Marek
This bachelor thesis is focused on the evaluation of production and reproductive performances of the Jan Vrhel family farm herd in the period 2007 - 2013 and then compared with yearbooks tracking periods with the herds of businesses with established KU (performance testing). The basic economic fundamentals of business profitability were also evaluated , which indicate that the business is sustainable only by contributing grants. Technological methods of rearing calves and heifers were evaluated as well and point to a lower level of breeding and reproductive labor. According to the prescribed diet and analysis of compound feed, it possible to evaluate the status and quality of feeding and nutrition, which is derived from high-quality farm produced feed. Overall evaluation of feeding and nutrition of the cattle in the family business Jan Vrhel, is good. Milk yield was evaluated according to the amount of sold milk and the state of the dairy cows. The evaluation showed that the family business dairy cows are slightly below the average dairy herd with established KU (performance testing)in Czech Republic in the period 2007 -2013. Overall, the Jan Vrhel farm is below the average herd in the Czech Republic with established KU, but due to good investment and improving reproductive and breeding work would be possible to achieve optimal values of all the quality indicators.
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Vliv tranzitní krmné dávky a délky stání na sucho na užitkovost dojnic
Čermáková, Jana
The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the effects of dry period length and type of diet through dry and transition periods on feed intake, lactation performance, health status and reproduction of high-yielding dairy cows. The experiment was conducted with 29 high-yielding dairy cows which were divided into two groups. The control group (C; n=14) was assigned to a traditional dry period of approximately 60 d (57 +- 5.9 d) and was fed a far-off dry cow ration from dry-off until 21 d prepartum. From d 21 until calving, the cows were switched to a pre-calving ration containing an additional 3 kg of concentrates. The cows of experimental group (S; n=15) were assigned to a shortened dry period (35 +- 6.3 d) and were continuously fed a late-lactation diet until calving. After calving, both groups were fed the same lactation diet corresponding to their lactation requirements. Dry matter intake of the cows assigned to a shortened dry period and fed a late-lactation diet (17.1 kg/cow/d) was approximately 4.11 kg per cow/d greater compared with the control group (13.0 kg/cow/d) through 60 d prepartum (P=0.0004). After calving, however, the average dry matter intake was approximately 0.71 kg per cow/d higher in the control group (21.48 kg/cow/d (C) vs. 20.77 kg/cow/d (S); P>0.05). Cows with a shortened dry period produced approximately 3.34 kg/d (8.3%) less milk and had flatter lactation curves during the first 100 d of lactation. Through standardized lactation (305 days) cows produced in the average 10 583 kg (C) and 9 638 kg (S) of milk. No differences were observed in live body weight, body condition score or back-fat thickness between the treatments. Shortening the dry period and feeding a late-lactation diet increased the concentrations of VFA and decreased the rumen pH (P<0.05). No differences were observed in basic parameters of blood and rumen fluid after calving. The insemination interval of the cows with shortened dry period was in the average about 34 days shorter compared with conventional dry period (S 64.67 d vs. C 99.11; P=0.007). Shortening the dry period did not affect the colostrum quality or birth weights of the calves.
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