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Vliv věku při prvním otelení na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic českého strakatého skotu ve vybraném chovu
Melounová, Andrea
The diploma thesis is focused on the impact of the age of first calving on the milk efficiency of the Czech Fleckvieh - Simmental cattle in a specific agricultural enterprise. The theoretical part describes the characteristics of the Czech cattle, goes deeper into fertility, cows’ reproduction, milk efficiency and its influential effects. In the practical part was depicted a company in Vysočina region where the results of this thesis were evaluated. The data were based on and gathered from the examined enterprise’s January 2017-July 2020 milk recoding. According to the results, it was obvious that the age of first calving does indeed have an statistically significant effect on the dairy cattle’s milk efficiency. It has been concluded that the cows calved in the age of 24 months and younger reached statistically significant (p<0.01) the lowest milk production (7 201 kg). On the other hand, the cows calved in the age of 28 months and older reached statistically significant (p<0.01) the highest milk production (7 859 kg). Also, the dairy cows reached the lowest milk production during their first lactation in all the age groups and the productions kept raising with the number of lactations.
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Vlivy působící na mléčnou užitkovost koz
LEDREROVÁ, Jindřiška
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the milking effectivness of goats from a selected breeding. The evaluation was executed in family farm Výrov, that is focusing on breeding the Czech Shorthair breed. The The evaluation took place from 2014 to 2016. It analyses chosen influences that affect effectivness with focus on age of the animal, size, milking amounts and fat and protein concentrations in milk. Analysed data were taken from breeding records and compared to the data from Czech farms. MIlking effectivness was 909 kg in 201, in 2015 it was 1015 kg and in 2016 it rose to 1130 kg of milk per lactation. Mean fat percentage dropped from 5,42 % in 2014 to 5,06 % in 2016. Mean protein percentage dropped from 2,75% in 2014 to 2,71% in 2016. The protein percentage rises at the end of lactation cycle in August, September and October. The breed maintains a very high fertility rate at 238,1 % in the long term.
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Season changes in milk efficiency and fertility of the cows in relation to the temperature and humidity environment conditions
ŤOUPALOVÁ, Michaela
High level of fertility and milk efficiency be ranked among major premise profitability of the company. If are not i extenso independent all necessaries of life dairycows, it is impossible expect favourableness. Human factor have in locking needs dairycows most important and fungible role, above all in the area corresponding sustenance and correct rearing technique and attendance fiduciary animals. On fertility and milk efficiency affect all row of other factors, from which ours imposition was evaluate seasonal establishment temperature influence and relative humidity. Average milk yield in herd Holstein cows attained 6 254 kg milks behind standardized lactation 305 days. Avarage deily vessel descending reduction on standardized lactation do 20,5 litre. Highest values reached average daily milk yild in spring 22,09 litres milk during lactation. Big throughs was recorded in summer, average daily vessel doed mere 16,96 litres milk during lactation. By the help of ANOVA test was ascertained statistically significant difference on significance level P 0,05 among spring and summer, among spring and winter, among summer and autumn and among summer and winter. Effected regression analysis confirmed fall average daily milk yield depending on raising temperatures inside stabling. Maximum cows at average daily efficiency about 20 - 23 litres milk here of achievement reached at 10 - 12 °C. Optimum thermal balk strode low-water mark of 28 x plus upper boundary 247 x. Temperature above 20 °C was overstepped 104 x. Optimum D shell relative humidity crossed ceiling 211 x. Average meantime in heard attained 419 days, SP 127 days and insemination interval 78 days, near over most 50 % cows was level fertility evaluation like bad. According to results ultrasonografik investigation gravided every 3. - 4. cow, which is wanting. In case executant defects was highest percent occurrence recorded near sweeping and ovarian cysts. Influence of season, let us say temperatures on fertility indices plus defect incidence wasn´t evidenced. Bad level fertility had in the framework year continual course.
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Analysis of some of the effects on milk production and fertility of dairy cows in the herd Czech Fleckvieh
TOMAN, Michal
This work occupy with analysis of selected impact milk efficiency and fertility milk cow of herd of czech motley cattle in enterprise Šumavský statek Dlouhá Ves. Main selected impact are genotype, grazing of milk cow, age of first calve, duration of servis period, duration interlude and exterior of milk cow. From result emerge, the biggest impact milk efficiency had age during first calve, Heifer calve in later life had statistical verifiably higher milk yield at first and another lactations. Milk cowswhit lower part of blood of breed czech motley cattle had higher milk yield. In persue years was always reach the biggest milk yield during graze. Durations of servis period and interlude was identical with reached average of Czech Republic. At judge milk cow was find out positive correlational relations between exterior and average daily milk yield only at judge muscle and at judge udder. The enterprise have been anprofitable without provision of subsidy all year long 2012.
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Evaluation of different procedures used for insemination of cows of Holstein cattle
JINDRÁKOVÁ, Monika
The high-production dairy cows have problems with fertility, because there is negative correlation between fertility and milk production. Very often the problem with fertility is connected with cumulative number of quiet, indistinctive ruts. Such a problem causes prolongation of service period, increases consumption of insemination doses and rises the number of veterinary acts. Therefore new possibilities are searched to ensure satisfying fertility of cows.The objective of this work was to evaluate different procedures for insemination of cows of Holstein cattle. The research proceeded at agricultural company Kosova Hora, which has two stables with dairy cows. The controlled reproduction by means of hormones is used at cow-shed in Janov, whereas the natural reproduction when a cattleman looks for rutting cows is used at cow-shed in Kamenice. The way of stockbreeding, stabling and feeding was very similar in both cow-sheds. There were 203 dairy cows of Holstein cattle (H100%) or crossbreed dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle (H75 and more) included in survey. Reproductive indices (such as insemination interval, service period, meantime and the age of a cow when first calves) and also indices of milk efficiency in 1 kg of milk (for 100, 200 and 305 days of lactation) were monitored. The period of insemination interval was about 16,81 days shorter in the cow-shed where hormones (84,36; 101,17 days) were applied with confirmation statistically highly significant difference at the level of significance P < 0,001. There was no statistically significant difference when the duration of service period was measured. The duration of service period was on the same level in both cow-sheds (162,12; 162,84 days). When the outcomes of both cow-sheds were summarized the difference in the duration of meantime was found. With usage of synchronization the difference was 19,20 days, but without statistical demonstrativeness (P < 0,05) at the level 410,28; 429,48 days. When indices of milk efficiency were measured there were not found statistically significant differences as for the whole lactation (9 926,19; 9 749,48 kg of milk) and also for individual sections of lactation (100 days about 30,96 kg of milk more at the cow-shed without synchronization; 200 days about 78,44 kg of milk more at the cow-shed with synchronization).
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The analysis of efficiency and fertility with regard to presence of horns in dairy cow herd
TOMANOVÁ, Jana
For quite a long time there is trend of de-horned cattle supported in our country and in the whole developed world especially for safety of farmers and animals. Despite of this fact, especially in organic breeds, there are quite often these two forms together in one herd. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the efficiency and fertility of Holstein cows with regard to presence of horns. Observation of a herd of Holstein cattle took place from April 2010 to September of 2011 at Bemagro, a.s. The priority of this ecologically farming company is to preserve horns in the herd. A total amount of 100 cows was observed, from which 50 of them was de-horned and the equal amount was horned. There were indicators of fertility measured (service period and insemination interval) as well as indicators of milk production (the amount of milk, content of fat, proteins and lactose).
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Evaluation the influence of grazing on performance of dairy cows
TOMAN, Michal
This study analyzes the impact on performance of dairy cows grazing in firm, which is located in the LFA. Furthermore, also deals with procedures for management of pastures and grazing alone. The operation, carried out before and during grazing pasture is important in terms of quantity and quality of grass. The results of this study show that the farm was milk production during the grazing season is lower than in winter. Lower milk production was achieved due to increase activity, changes in ration and low quality crop, which was connected with a high burden of pastures. Lower milk production was achieved due to increased activity, changes in ration and low quality crop, which was connected with high grazing load, which was 2.2 DJ. ha-1.
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Analysis of milk efficiency dairy cows milked with robot
VRBOVÁ, Aneta
The deficit of educated specialists and patient dairyman had caused that robots are used also in agriculture - livestock production, rather in milking. Inventors of this new technology were the Dutch, who have put in the year 1992 the first automatic milking system (AMS) into operation. The aim of bachelor work was to analyze levels of milk efficiency of holstein cattle, milked with automatic milking systems. The observation of dairy cows holstein cattle herd took place during the year 2009 in a family farm Basík a syn. The farm is situated 6 km east of Tábor. There were observed 64 dairy cows and their share cross (62 H1 a 2 H3). Microsoft Excel has been used for processing the data. By evaluation of milk efficiency it has been discovered, that the group of dairy cows on the 1. lactation had the milk efficiency of 9,635 kg M. Dairy cows on the 2. lactation had milking efficiency of 14,329 kg M. Cows on the 3. and following lactation reached milking efficiency of 13,012 kg M. By the evaluation of number of visits of the AMS with regard to the sequence of lactation it has been discovered, that the average number of successful visits of the AMS in the herd by the cattle on the 1. lactation was 2.6 per a day. Number of unsuccessful visits of the AMS by cattle on the 1. lactation was 0.07 per a day. Average number of milking of cattle on the 2. lactation was 2.9 per a day. Average number of unsuccessful visits by this group of animals was 0.04. The AMS turned down cattle on the 2. lactation once a day on the average. Cattle on the 3. and following lactation were milking 2.7 per a day, number of rejection was 1.5. Number of unsuccessful milking by this group of cattle was very small, only 0.03 per a day.
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The Influence of milking frequency on milk efficiency and fertility in breeding cows, milked by the help of automatic milking systems
KOZELKOVÁ, Jitka
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the effect of milking frequency per day on milk efficiency and fertility during the course of lactation. The observation of dairy Holstein cattle herd took place in agricultural company Brloh (Blanský les Region) from January 2010 to February 2011. There were observed 55 dairy cows: Holstein cattle (75 %), share cross cows with race Czech Pied cattle (22 %) and Fleckvieh cattle (3%). Microsoft Excel has been used for processing the statistic data. For results evaluation, some basic statistic characteristics have been counted. Differences between the groups have been verified by the simple factor analysis of variance. By evaluation of milk efficiency including milk constituents for standardized lactation on individual lactation phases, reached breeding cows on first lactation 9460.00 kg M (3.22 % B and 3.88 % T), on second lactation 10632.15 kg M (3.23 % B and 3.96 % T) and breeding cows on third and next lactation 9738.60 kg M (3.18 % B a 4.08 % T). In the assessment of milking frequency visited breeding cows the AMS on the first lactation at 1/3 lactation phases 2.51 per a day, breeding cows at 2/3 lactation phases 2.72 per a day and 2.70 per a day at 3/3 lactation phases. This trend continued in next lactation, but breeding cows on the second lactation at 3/3 lactation phases visited most often robotic milking machine 2.80 per a day. Relationship between the number of milking and milk efficiency was found statistical significance. With the increasing number of milking performance also increases. By evaluation reproductive parameters the following values were observed ? the average first calving age 774.9 days (25 months), the average meantime 382.3 days, the average servis period 110.4 days and the average insemination period 77.8 days. The relationship between the number milking and service period has been established by the positive correlation, i.e. to the growing number of milking is to the extension service period.
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