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Mléčná užitkovost plemene Brown Swiss ve vybraném chovu
MACHÁČKOVÁ, Kamila
Milk yield control in cows is a crucial activity in cattle farming, providing valuable information for breeders and geneticists. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the individual milk yield controls of the Brown Swiss breed in a selected breeding program. The number of cows monitored for yield control over two years remained approximately twenty head. The values of milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, lactose and somatic cells were monitored.
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Mléčná užitkovost kozy bílé krátkosrsté a hnědé krátkosrsté ve vybraném chovu
KRAMEŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
Goats have recently become popular for breeding. They are breeding mainly for meat and milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of goats in gene reserves in the Czech Republic. The average milk yield for years the 2020 to 2022 for a white shorthaired goat is 296,0 kg per standardized lactation and for brown shorthaired goats is 270,1 kg. The average fat content of milk for white shorthaired goats is 4,34 % and for brown shorthaired goats is 4,27 % in the monitored period. The protein content of a white shorthaired goat is 2,90 % and for brown shorthaired goat is similar (2,89 %). The last monitored substance was lactose. The average content lactose in milk for a white shorthaired goat is 4,29 % and for brown shorthaired goat is 4,24 %. Results show below the average milk yield but milk fat content was higher than average. This milk is better for example to make a cheese. The milk yield and the content of the individual components are genetically influenced. They can also be influenced by stress, nutrition, and other factors.
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Vliv věku při prvním otelení na mléčnou užitkovost holštýnských dojnic v konkrétním podniku
Landová, Valentýna
The bachelor thesis dealt with the effect of age at first calving of Holstein dairy cows on their subsequent milk yield. In the literature section, the basic characteristics of Holstein cattle, milk yield, milk composition and the influences on milk yield were described. In addition, fertility and reproduction of cows were defined in more detail. The practical part took place on a farm located in the Central Bohemia region. A total of 52 Holstein dairy cows were included in the evaluation. The selected cows were divided into four groups according to their age at first calving (calved up to 21 months, 22-23 months, 24-25 months and over 26 months). The data from the performance monitoring of Holstein cows in their first lactation were used in this study. Milk performance parameters monitored included milk yield, fat, protein, lactose, urea and somatic cell count. The effect of lactation stage on the listed milk parameters was also monitored. The lowest milk production was achieved by cows calving at 21 months of age (29.74 kg milk). On the other hand, the highest milk yield was obtained by cows calved at the age of 26 months and above (33.52 kg milk). This difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Furthermore, a sta-tistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the average milk yield of cows calved at less than 21 months of age and those calved at 24-25 months of age. The effect of age at first calving did not have a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) on the other observed milk contents.
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Analýza úrovně výživy a vybraných ukazatelů v daném zemědělském podniku
FALTUSOVÁ, Tereza
The nutrition of dairy cows affects their yielding, health condition, fertility, and the overall economic results of the holding. Essential for the nutrition of dairy cows is the quality of the roughage, which affects the cost of feeding ration of the dairy livestock. This work evaluated the quality of fodder and its influence on selected indexes of a chosen agricultural holding during the year 2020. The evaluation concerned a Holstein cattle herd with an average quantity of 447 dairy cows. As mentioned above, the feeding ration affects the yielding of dairy cows. With the right amount of nutrients (nitrogen substances, energies, carbohydrates, fibre, fats, and mineral substances) in the feeding ration we might achieve higher amounts of components in milk (fat, proteins, and lactose). If the feeding ration is suitably designed, health issues (metritis, mastitis, and limping) do not occur in the herd. The fodder quality, yielding, and health condition of the herd affect the economics of the holding. The base for the feeding ration was roughage, which constituted 54 % of the feeding ration. Specifically, corn silage and protein silage constituted 27 % of the fodder dry mass. The milk components showed an average amount of 4,11 % of fat and 3,45 % of protein. The costs of 1 l of milk were in the year 2020 9,52 Kc/1 l on average and the purchase price of milk was 8,69 Kc/1 l on average.
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Systémy pro rychlé analýzy mléka v dojírnách
DURČANSKÁ, Michaela
The first part of my bachelor's thesis, consisting of a review of available literature sources, deals with the description of the properties and composition of cow's milk and the use of milk quality indicators in the management of dairy herds. Furthermore, this bachelor's thesis contains a detailed description of various types of milking parlors as well as criteria for their selection. The second part describes in-line milk analyzers that are available on the market and are used in the milking processes. Using various sensors, these analyzers measure milk components (proteins, fats, lactose, somatic cell count, enzymes, blood presence), milk properties (color, temperature, electrical conductivity) and the amount of milk milked in real time during milking from individual cows. In practice, milk analyzers from Afimilk, Lely, DeLaval, LIC Automation, Fullwood Packo, GEA and Boumatic are the most widely used ones. The basic disadvantage of analyzers is the lower accuracy of measurement compared to laboratories. To reach more accurate results of measurement, further research and development of these technologies is important. Potential methods include infrared spectroscopy, biosensors, or the ATP bioluminescence method. However, the inaccuracy of the results does not prevent those from being used in assessing changes in measured values and trends over time. Further development of a device that could directly determine the number of somatic cells in milk would be needed. This would make monitoring the incidence of mastitis more accurate than the previously used but less reliable changes in milk conductivity. The use of such a device would make the prevention and treatment of mastitis more effective, especially in robotic milking.
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Vyhodnocení vybraných vlivů na mléčnou užitkovost dojnic
DRÁBKOVÁ, Nikola
Milk production has been evaluated not only by genetic potential but there are also a lot of indicators. The potential milk production of the herd depends on the correct link between the genetic potential and the system of selection, feeding and nutrition, reproduction and the breeding environment and health of animals. The aim of the thesis was to produce a literary overview of milk production, milk composition and influences that can influence the composition of milk. For the selected herd to evaluate the effects on the monitored indicators of the milk composition and to statistically evaluate them. For discarded dairy cows to determine the age and reason of culling and lifelong milk production.
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Non-protein nitrogen substances in cow´s milk
VONDRA, Vojtěch
The purpose of this work is a characterisation of non-protein nitrogenous substances in cow's milk. The work is a summary of information from various sources. Main component of non-protein nitrogenous substances in cow´s milk is urea. Content of urea has impact to life cow´s. He has impact to milk industry too. Urea has connecting with lactations, with ration feed and with another factors. Urea of milk is good index to asses internal and external conditions to each.
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