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Využití kombinovaného hnojiva ve výživě pšenice ozimé
Moravanský, Jakub
The aim of this work is the utilization of combined fertilizer in winter wheat nutrition. The experiment was conducted in two growing seasons (2020-2021; 2021-2022) at the experimental site in Žabčice. The examined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS was applied in early spring in two doses (54 kg/ha N and 30 kg/ha N). As a control treatment, the common nitrogen technology was used with the application of LAD 27 fertilizer at a dose of 30 kg/ha N. Additional fertilization of every treatment during the vegetation was identical. (LAD 27: 65 kg/ha N; DAM 390: 40 kg/ha N). The application of the combined fertilizer FertiTOP 44 NPS in full dose positively influenced the growth, yield and grain quality of winter wheat. The plant analysis during the vegetation showed a statistically significant effect of fertilization by full dose of FertiTOP 44 NPS on dry weight. There was also increase in grain yield in both years under study (+0.6 t/ha in 2021; +0.3 t/ha in 2022). At the same time, the protein content increased (+0.5% in 2021; +1.1% in 2022). For gluten content, the results were similar to the control. For the sedimentation parameter, an increase was observed in both years (+3.5 ml in 2021; +7 ml in 2022). These results are indicating that the application of phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements in winter wheat nutrition improves the baking quality of the grain.
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The methodology proposes criteria for determination of the content of micro-nutrients in soils and their evaluation via useing of the extraction method Mehlich 3: certified methodology for practice
Čermák, Pavel ; Mühlbachová, Gabriela ; Káš, Martin ; Vavera, Radek ; Pechová, Miroslava
The methodology proposes criteria for determination of the content of micro-nutrients in soils and their evaluation via useing of the extraction method Mehlich 3. Extraction procedure Mehlich 3 is the official analytical method currently used in testing system of agricultural soils for the determination of the content of available P, K, Mg and Ca. There are criteria for valuation of content of these available nutrients - see Decree No. 275/1998 Coll., on Agrochemical Testing of Agricultural Soil and Land Surveys of Forest Lands, as amended). The existing criteria for above mentioned nutrients are due to this methodology extended by next five elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B), marked in field of plant nutrition as micro-nutrients. The simple and easy Mehlich 3 analytical procedure applicable to a variety of different elements, is already used in a wide range of laboratories, allows to extend the criteria for the others elements. In addition, many laboratories can use the multi-elementar analytical instruments ICP-OES. Suggested criteria will also serve for farmers for valuation of soil supply by micro-elements.
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Representation of biologically active substances in the grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.)
Horníčková, Štěpánka ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Vlastimil, Vlastimil (referee)
Seeds of 41 white and 22 blue vine varieties cultivated on six vine-growing areas were assessed as a by-product after winemaking on the contents of total polyphenols (TP) and phosphorus (P) spectrophotometrically, total tocols (TC) including individual tocols by HPLC-FLD, and metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) by FAAS. Remaining TP and TC levels were mainly affected by the variety, while levels of microelements (Cu, Mn, and Zn) and P or K by the vine-growing area. The highest TC and TP levels were found in the seeds of white varieties. Varieties of grape seeds have significant impact on the gamma-tocotrienol content. The color of grape varieties has significant impact on alpha-tocotrienol content. Grape seeds from grape cultivated on the Czech growing area contained higher levels of macroelements except P, however no significant differences between growing areas have been found. The crop year has significant influence on TP, Fe and Cu content. Results herein revealed the considerable potential of grape seeds, a by-product of the vinification process, as a valuable inexpensive source of high added value of nutritionally beneficial compounds - polyphenol and tocol antioxidants and macro- and microelements for use as feed additives in animal nutrition.
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Závislost obsahu vybraných kovů na množství a kvalitě organické hmoty v půdě
Janovský, Jakub
The aim of the experiment was to assess the dependence of selected metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni and Pb) for the quantity of organic matter and its quality on arable land. Soil sampling was conducted in Starý Hrozenkov and Žítková, located in the White Carpathians. Soil samples were collected during the growing season of 2012, on a monthly basis (April to October) from a depth of 0-30 cm. To determine the content of available metals by AAS, soil samples were extracted with 2M HNO3. Determination of the amounts of soil organic matter was performed by an oxidometric method (Cox), for determining the monitored fractions of soil organic matter (humic substances, humic and fulvic acids) was used the method of short fractionation. The results of analyzes of soil samples revealed that the supply of all monitored metals was in Žítková lower than in Starý Hrozenkov. Like the metal was also the quantity of each fractions of soil organic matter at the site Žítková lower than in the soil Starý Hrozenkov. In both localities were found a positive correlation between Cox and almost all the monitored elements. In soil in Žítková was found medium strong dependence metals (r = 0.4339 to 0.6675) on the content of humic substances in soil and medium dependence Zn, Cu and Fe on fulvic acids. In the Starý Hrozenkov was medium dependence Pb, Ni and Mn on humic acids and medium strong dependence Fe on fulvic acids (r = 0.4459).
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Výnos a kvalita zrna pšenice po aplikaci mikroelementů na osivo
Antošovský, Jiří
Fertilization with microelements in a crop production is not generally important until deficiency symptoms on plants. Soil application is expensive and foliar application may not remove a deposit of microelements. Seed coating can be more economical way. Seeds with microelements should be more complex and should provide enough nutrients for growth and development. Seeds were coated by manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and by combination of Mn-Zn-Cu. The same fertilizers were used as foliar nutrition. There were default fertilization with nitrogen for all variants. The control observation was microelements free. Seed coating and foliar nutrition were not statistically signifiant for value of N-tester, yield or grain quality. On the other site, there were no deficiency symptoms on plants. Content of micronutrients in leafs were slightly higher than control observation. Seed coating with micronutrients has fulfilled its preventive purpose.
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Listová výživa ve vinohradu
Kreisinger, Kateřina
The thesis describes testing of powder water-soluble fertilizer produced by Fosfa, a.s. company on Chardonnay variety grown on the Most-Čepirohy vineyard. The fertilizer was prepared in three variants as a pure fertilizer containing makroelements N, P, K, Mg and S and microelements Fe, Cu, Zn, B and Mo. Extracts of seaweed were added to the second variant, the third one contained a surface-active agent, and the fourth one contained all the additives. In the spring before the fertilizer was applied, soil analysis was performed. Altogether the fertilizer was applied on the leaves five times. During the softening of berries, leaves were removed for an analysis. The analysis focused on the fertilizer efficiency and its ability to penetrate the leaves. In the stage of full grapes' maturity, uvological characteristics were evaluated. Samples for the juice analysis were removed from the harvested grapes. The following analytical values were determined: content of titrationable acids, sugar content, pH and assimilable nitrogen content. Individual variants were compared with a control variant without foliar application. The variant with the water-soluble fertilizer and the surface-active agent was determined as the best one, because it showed the best results from the perspective of leave analysis, increased sugar content, reduction of acid content and increased content of assimilable nitrogen. There were no differences observed in the plant health conditions nor uvological characteristics of individual variants. No influence of the seaweed extract on the grape quality was observed. Grape quality was significantly influenced by above-the-average rainfall during maturing and the grapes were infected by Botrytis cinerea.
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Mimokořenová aplikace mikroelementů ve výživě slunečnice roční (Heliabthus annuus L.)
Škarpa, Petr
Mikroelementy, jako esenciální prvky, sehrávají v metabolismu rostlin nezastupitelnou roli a o nutnosti jejich optimálního obsahu v rostlinách s ohledem na tvorbu produkce a její kvality není pochyb. Cílem předkládané studie bylo přispět k doplnění řady známých a objasněných funkcí mikrobiogenních živin a jejich účinků ve výživě slunečnice roční. V práci byl vysledován pozitivní vliv mimokořenové aplikace B, Zn, Mo a Se v kontrolovaných podmínkách maloparcleních polních pokusů na produkci biomasy, obsah a odběr živin porostem, výnos a hmotnost 1000 nažek, olejnatost a produkce oleje a jeho kvalitu.
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