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The Balance of Fluids as a Nursing Problem
SOUKUPOVÁ, Martina
Basic theoretical background: The thesis deals with fluids, micturition, factors affecting micturition, diuresis as medical term, changes in quality of miction, disorders of passing urine, observation of quality of urine, fluid balance not only as a term, but also options and principles of collecting urine and recording and evaluating of fluid balance. Incontinence, involuntary passing urine, belong to the best known disorders of urine excretion. This problem causes very unpleasant fefling, affecting mainly psyche very much. Incontinence is not an illness, but symptom, which may be caused by more reasons. Imporatnt part od monitoring of fluid balance is also evaluation of its qualities. Colour quantity, odour and other qualities may be meaningful. All the abnormal qualities must be reported to the doctor immediately. Monitoring of fluid balance is part of nursing care. Results of proper monitoring of fluid balance is valuable indicator for doctors as well as nurses. Very important is to take into account all the ways of intake and output of fluids. In cases, where monitoring of diuresis is not infallible, checking the clients weight periodically might be chosen instead. Evaluation of fluid balance is carried out in time defined by doctor. The thesis also deals with errors and mistakes in urine collection and nursing process of emptying of urine container. Main aim of the thesis: The primary aim of this thesis is to map, how nurses monitor fluid balance. There is one hypothesis established: Nurses wih academic education instruct clients about monitoring fluid balance more properly than nurses wih secondary school education. There are two research questions established. Do the nurses instruct clients about monitoring fluid balance? Do they monitor the fluid balance properly? How do they write down the results? What are the most common mistakes in this area? Methodology: There was used the method of hidden observation of the nurses and observation sheet There were also used anonymous questionnaires, so there was no preessure put no respondents. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions including 3 multiple choice.
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HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF WOMEN WITH URINARY INCONTINENCE
KAZDOVÁ, Markéta
The urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary leaks of urine that cause hygienic as well as social problems that can be evaluates objectively. At present there are many diagnostic methods that can distinguish various types of urinary incontinence and then {--} the optimal method of treatment can be used. According the causes and severity of symptoms of urinary incontinence the optimal method of treatment is chosen. The modern medicine offers many good ways to solve the urinary leaks. There are conservative or surgical methods of treatment and according the women health status, the optimal method is used. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate to what degree are women in West Bohemia affected by the urinary incontinence and if they search for help in the beginning of their health problems. The patients{\crq} population was formed by 82 women coming from West Bohemia that had problems with the urinary incontinence and that were treated in the specialized out-patient clinic of urogynecology at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital in Pilsen. The data were collected using questionnaire. Our first hypothesis that women don{\crq}t search for help in the beginning of their problems was not confirmed. In the questionnaire, 59 % of women stated that they searched for help in time. Our second hypothesis was proved {--} all women regardless their age are affected in their personal life by urinary incontinence. Out of the data we obtained it is clear that women regardless their age are affected by urinary incontinence in their personal life and even though most of them searched for help in time, there are still a high number of those, who find this problem too delicate to search for help in time. Thanks to our original data, the thesis could help to students of medical and social schools to understand these problems. It could also be used to set the right approach to women with urinary incontinence and to understand their situation. It could also serve to public - to break the taboos around this problem.
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