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MAP code and regulation of microtubule-based processes
Karhanová, Adéla ; Lánský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tomášová, Štěpánka (referee)
Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) are considered as key regulators of molecular trafficking in cells. Even though their malfunctioning results in severe pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders, the regulatory roles of these proteins remain under debate. Since MAPs bind to the cytoskeleton, this structure has to be vital for the function of MAPs. Microtubules, a highly dynamic type of cytoskeletal structure, have been given extra attention due to their association with cell division and vital functions in neurons. Microtubules can undergo post-translational modifications that affect molecular motors as well as binding of other proteins, such as MAPs. Whether post-translational modifications of microtubules regulate the distribution of MAPs is so far not sufficiently documented. However, MAPs have been shown to cooperatively form cohesive envelopes on the microtubules and thereby regulate the access of motors and severing enzymes. As there are many types of MAPs and they are mutually exclusive, a hypothesis of a regulatory 'MAP code' emerged recently in the literature. Using available literature, this review will try to introduce the new model of MAP code and provide some background information on previous research on this topic.
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Molecular mechanism of microtubule severing by katanin
Podhájecký, Roman ; Lánský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Libusová, Lenka (referee)
Microtubule cytoskeleton is a dynamic filamentous network, whose reorga- nization underpins important cellular processes, such as cell motility or cell di- vision. This remodeling highly depends on microtubule-associated proteins that can remodel individual microtubules, such as katanin. Katanin is a microtubule- associated protein that employs ATP hydrolysis to sever microtubules. This function can rapidly reorganize microtubule networks by providing fast amplification of the microtubule polymer number as well as microtubule fast degradation. The exact mechanism of microtubule severing and its regulation by katanin is largely dis- cussed nowadays. In this project I would like to describe katanin's mechanism of action and its regulation on a molecular level. Key words: cytoskeleton, remodelling of microtubule networks, microtubules, microtubule se- vering enzymes, katanin 1
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