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The diagnostics of tumorous and pigmented skin lesions
TICHÁ, Lea
The skin is the largest organ of the human body. It is a protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection, regulates body temperature, stores water and fat and serves as a sensory organ. Above all, the human health is very often reflected on the skin. Thus, there are many types of pigmented skin lesions and skin tumors that require proper diagnosis to determine. Early detection of skin cancer allows timely treatment and improves clinical outcome. The collection of equipment and methods used for diagnosing skin cancer has been growing notably over the last decades, yet histologic examination still remains a gold standard. Histopathology is the microscopic examination of biological tissues in order to observe the appearance of diseased cells in very fine microscopic detail, therefore major types and modifications of pigmented skin lesions and skin tumours can be distinguished by these methods. The theoretical part of this theses describes the main types of pigmented skin lesions and skin tumors in terms of morphology, occurrence and other important aspects. It also describes the factors that influence the formation and development of skin cancer and types of prevention against them. The methodical part is focused on the histopathology procedures, from tissue sampling to histopathological evaluation. There is also data analysis describing the incidence of skin lesions a skin cancer at five years (2013-2017) and Euro Melanoma Day 2018 based on collected skin excisions.
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