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Verification of species boundaries in clinically relevant Arthroderma species
Míková, Ivana ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Dobiáš, Radim (referee)
The genus Arthroderma contains predominantly geophilic dermatophytes (naturally occuring in soil). Some species, especially those from Trichophyton terrestre complex, cause human and animal dermatomycosis. In the past, the species boundaries were determined mainly on the basis of biological species concept using in vitro mating experiments. But these nearly 70-years-old findings have not been tested by means of modern taxonomic methods. In total 194 species of the genus Arthroderma (including all available ex-type strains) originating predominantly in USA, Canada and Europe were studied in this thesis. They were mostly isolated from soil (n = 77), animals (n = 50), human clinical material (n = 41) and cave sediment (n = 9). The main goal of the thesis was to elucidate the species boundaries between species A. insingulare, A. lenticulare and A. quadrifidum, that were classified into the T. terrestre complex because of their seemingly identical asexual stage. Further, this work aimed to resolve the relationship between Arthroderma species using the multigene phylogeny and clarify which species are clinically relevant. A multigene phylogeny of the genus Arthroderma was based on the sequences of the ITS rDNA region, β-tubulin (TUB2) and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1α) genes. The genus...
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Mating system and species concept in heterothallic species of Aspergillus section Fumigati
Dudová, Zuzana ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Mencl, Karel (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine the species boundaries within the Aspergillus viridinutans species complex. The species belonging to this complex are predominantly soil- inhabiting organisms that are increasingly reported as opportunistic human and animal pathogens. A total number of 98 isolates from various substrates and countries was subjected to morphological, physiological and molecular analysis (calmodulin, β-tubulin, actin and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene) and mating experiments were provided on different media and temperatures. Some other heterothallic species from section Fumigati with unknown sexual state were analysed using similar method as well. Key words: Aspergillus viridinutans, Aspergillus turcosus, phylogenetic analysis, mating- type genes, anamorph, teleomorph, mating experiments, MAT1-1, MAT1-2
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