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Detekce variability cpDNA u rostlin
Valová, Radmila
This thesis deals with the detection of the variability of a given region of chloroplast DNA. A selected region of chloroplast DNA matK is compared between two genera Aloe and Ruschia as representatives of the two evolutionary lineages of monocots and higher dicots. CpDNA is widely used for phylogenetic studies due to high variability. Selected 92 representatives from the genus Aloe and 106 representatives from the genus Ruschia were used for analysis. Both genera are predominantly found in southern Africa, mainly in the Cape region. The first part of the thesis was focused on the characteristics of the selected genera and the description of the methods used in the analysis. The analysis involved isolation of DNA from representatives of both genera, PCR, purification and subsequent sequencing. The obtained sequences were evaluated using available software and subsequently phylogenetic trees of the selected representatives of both genera were constructed. The phylogenetic trees were created using the Maximum likelihood method. The main result was the detection of variability within and between the selected genera based on consensus sequences.
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Molekulární fylogeneze a genetická diverzita krytosemenných rostlin
Sobotková, Julie
The thesis deals with molecular analysis of nuclear region ITS and chloroplast regions matK and rbcL in study of particular group of plants. Reprezentatives of the Microteaceae were included in the experiment. This family was set up separately in 2016 and belongs to the order Caryophyllales. DNA was isolated from the herbarium items and the regions were amplified by PCR. The resulting sequenes were obtained by automatic sequencing and then was edited and statistically evaluated. Of the values obtained the most variable region of ITS was determined. The last step was the construction of phylogenetic trees using sequences of all regions. It was found that genus Microtea is mohophyletic and consists of two evolutionary lines (clades).
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The evolution of Elettariopsis (Zingiberaceae)
Hlavatá, Kristýna ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dančák, Martin (referee)
This work attempts to offer an insight into the problematic of the genus Elettariopsis Baker, the last unrevised genus in the subfamily Alpinioideae (Zingiberaceae). Phylogenetic analyses are performed on ITS, matK and DCS sequence data and correlated with absolute genome size and biogeographical distribution of the samples. Elettariopsis as a genus is found to be weakly supported and strongly supported only with the addition of some species of Amomum Roxb., including the type species A. subulatum. The absolute genome size in this group is greater than in the outgroup represented by members of the Zingiberoideae subfamily. The evidence given by sequence data further suggests that Elettariopsis is divided into two well-supported groups, the "E. curtisii" group and the "E. triloba/E. unifolia" group, each of which contains several well-supported clades. In the analysis of absolute genome size it is shown that the absolute genome size in the "E. triloba/E.unifolia" group is higher than in the "E. curtisii" group. These two groups also differ slightly in their biogeographical distribution, the group G being distributed in only in Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, while members of group H are also occurring in Singapore and Indonesia (Borneo). Keywords: Zingiberaceae, Elettariopsis, South-East Asia, ITS,...
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Využití molekulárních markerů pro studium genetické diverzity u vybraných zástupců Dracaena
Ostrá, Zuzana
Variability in the genetic information DNA tracking individuals carry is easy to detect using molecular markers. In the thesis we examined related Dracaena species. For the study of genetic diversity in the genus Dracaena are used mainly noncoding regions of cpDNA, spacer trnH -- psbA, regions trnL -- trnF and trnS -- trnG -- trnG, which are more variable than coding regions. Also used in this work were coding regions of matK and rbcL. In the genus Dracaena belongs xerophytic species that are characterized by typical shaped treetop. 14 representatives of species were used in thesis growing in tropical regions of the African continent and adjacent islands and the southeastern part of the Arabian peninsula. They are monocotyledonous trees with atypical abilities of secondary thickness of trunk, which I find interesting. The massive trunk is very strong and there is potencial to used it for wood. Trees are very significant for their red plant sap which flowing from demaged trunk. The sap is very precious resource which is used in many areas of industry, for example pharmacy, traditional medicine, dye making etc. Determination of genetic affinity was based on an amplification of cpDNA template of individual Dracaena samples with primers for the studied regions. Data was obtained and evaluated by Multiple alignment program ClustalX and BioEdit after their sequencing. Evalueted data was used to create dendograms affinity. According the resulting phylogenetic tree we find out similarities and identified relationship of the monitored species of the genus Dracaena. The main purpose of research was to get answers to understand phylogenetic relationship between group of Dracaena forestry used trees. The thesis was made in cooperation of Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology of Mendel University in Brno.
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Studium genetické diverzity planého hrachu
Trněný, Oldřich
The genus pea (Pisum) is divided into three species Pisum sativum, P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum, while we sort P. sativum ssp. elatius, P. fulvum and P abyssinicum into group of wild type. Genetic diversity of wild species was formed in their natural habitat during the event of evolution. Pea is an important crop that was domesticated from the wild species of the genus Pisum in the past. We can use wild species potentially as donors of genes of resistance and plasticity in the process of peas breeding. Hence the value of the information about the structure of the genetic diversity of wild species is quite high. The literary part of this work is focused to the summary information about the wild pea and application of molecular markers in the study of variability of plants. The research part of this work is aimed to study of genetic diversity on set of 50 accessions ,which are composed of the species P. abyssinicum and P. fulvum, by RBIP (Retrotransposon Based Insert Polymorphysm) method. Furthermore, 12 selected accessions were sequenced in nuclear region ITS and chloroplast region matK and trnSG. In context of others studies our results of all analyzes illustrate the genetic diversity of the species P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum.
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