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Infekční mastitidy skotu a jejich současná problematika
Pavezová, Natálie
The topic of the bachelor thesis is infectious mastitis of cattle and their current problems. The anatomy of the mammary gland itself, classification of mastitis, selected pathogens causing infectious mastitis and their prevention and treatment are described. Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, currently represents one of the greatest risks to dairy cattle producers. It is a major cause of economic losses in the dairy industry as milk quality is poor and production is reduced. The disease is influenced by many factors, both environmental factors, which are mainly caused by the environment such as dirty bedding, and infectious factors, where the infection occurs mainly in the parlour. The result of this work is therefore a review of significant infectious mastitis, both in terms of prevention, treatment and control. It is most important to focus on the prevention of this disease, as it is better than treatment alone, which can have fatal consequences.
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Produkce cytokinů v průběhu mastitid skotu
Tylčová, Natálie
The aim of this work was to detect the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory IL-10. The experiment included 20 dairy cows at different stages of mastitis, which came from the Nová Ves agricultural cooperative. 80 samples were totaly taken, from all quarters, from each dairy cow, which were divided into three groups. The first group represented healthy dairy cows, without clinical signs of mastitis, with a somatic cell count of up to 100 000, from 5 dairy cows, that is 20 milk samples. The second group consisted of dairy cows with clinical signs of mastitis and somatic cell counts up to 400 000, from 10 cows, that is 40 milk samples. The third group consisted of dairy cows with somatic cell counts of more than 1 000 000, from 5 cows, that is 20 milk samples. These samples were processed in the laboratory of the Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics at Mendel University in Brno. The concentration of TNF-α and IL-10 was detected by ELISA. The average concentration of TNF-α in the first group was 138.70 pg/ml, in the second group 133.60 pg/ml, in the third group 95.05 pg/ml. The average concentration of IL-10 in the first group was 9.52 pg/ml, in the second group 11.03 pg/ml, in the third group 8.66 pg/ml.
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Zhodnocení výskytu environmentálních mastitid ve vybraném chovu dojného skotu
BÍLÝ, David
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of environmental mastitis and the economic impact of mastitis in a selected dairy cattle farm for the period 2019-2022. A total of 596 cases of mastitis were diagnosed, of which 78% were environmental mastitis. While the number of cases of contagious mastitis decreased over the period under review (from 36 % to 6 %), the number of environmental mastitis cases followed the opposite trend. The economic cost per dairy cow ranged from CZK 2 134 to CZK 4 527. The largest item was the loss of milk from treated dairy cows.
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Imunogenetické principy reakce mléčné žlázy na patogeny u skotu
Benešová, Magdalena
Bovine mastitis is the most common bovine disease. IR genes (Immune response genes) are used to resist the immune response. The aim of this work is to describe these genes and their role in immune responses. The complexity of immune responses and resistant polygenic features make it difficult to understand all future comers in the mammary gland. The immune responses describe the components of cellular and humoral immunity that are involved in the defense of the mammary gland. Identification of genomic variants associated with resistance is still trying to find and identify other genes that affect mastitis. Whole genome association studies (GWAS), which use SNP fields, are a valuable tool in these studies. This method uses the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of individuals. Thanks to GWAS several candidate genes for bovine mastitis resistance have already been identified.
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Funkční stav mléčné žlázy v závislosti na způsobu zaprahnutí dojnic
KOSOVÁ, Vendula
The method of dry off therapy dairy cows significantly affects the overall course of the dry period, the functional state of the mammary gland and the occurrence of mastitis in the first phase of lactation. Concerns about antimicrobial resistance have been growing in recent years, leading to demands for antibiotic reduction in livestock farming. Efforts to reduce antibiotic consumption also affect the way cows are milked. The selective method of thresholding seems to be a suitable alternative to surface antibiotic plating, which was a common practice on most farms in the Czech Republic. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to process the recorded data on dry dairy cows and their subsequent comparison in order to evaluate different methods of drying off. The data, used in this thesis, was taken in the agricultural enterprise Agrodam Hořepník, in the period from September 2020 to October 2021 and deals with a total of 398 dairy cows. The methods of drying off compared were: drying off using the antibiotic preparation Orbenin and Orbeseal teat plugs, a combination of the Orbenin antibiotic preparation, Orbeseal teat plugs and the Herba Dry herbal supplement, dryin off with the help of the Orbeseal teat plug with the Herba Dry herbal supplement and a variant of the Orbeseal teat plug itself. Antibiotic dry cow therapy had the most effective results when comparing PSB before farrowing and after calving. However, the fact that alternative methods did not achieve the same favorable results as antibiotics, their use in dairy cows with low PSB appears to be effective.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of mastitis using on-farm cultivation
KRATOCHVÍL, Martin
Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases of dairy cattle and their treatment is also the most common cause of antibiotic use on a farm. Farm cultivation is currently one of the ways to improve the decision-making process in the treatment of mastitis. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the treatment procedures using farm cultivation and to make an economic evaluation of mastitis on a selected farm of dairy cattle.The experimental observation of a herd of dairy black-spotted Holstein cattle to assess the treatment of mastitis took place in two monitoring periods: without farm cultivation (BFK); with farm cultivation (SFK). A significant difference in the number of cured cases and cases of reinfections was found between the observed periods. While 60.6% of mastitis cases were cured during the BFK period and 30.4% of cases were reinfected, in the SFK period 87.1% of dairy cows were healed and only 12.9% of them were reinfected. The total financial costs associated with mastitis were almost the same in both periods. The highest item was milk losses. It can be positively assessed that the involvement of farm cultivation did not significantly increase the costs associated with the treatment of mastitis. The introduction of a farm cultivation system into an antimastitis program had a very positive effect on the effectiveness of the treatment performed on the monitored farm. The main benefit was a significant reduction in the number of reinfections and an increase in the number of successfully cured dairy cows, while maintaining almost the same treatment costs.
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Využití kultivačních metod v diagnostice zánětů mléčné žlázy ve vybraném chovu dojnic
ULMOVÁ, Kateřina
The goal of my thesis was to evaluate origin of mastisis diseases and specify the best way to cure this disease with antibiotics. Secondary goal was to examin origin of things that cause these diseases, efficiency of the cure and how it is influenced by the stage of the illness. This research was made in cowshed, fron april to december 2018 with 136 specimen. During this period I took samples of milk, that had more than 800 000 somatic cells in 1ml of milk. Based of possitve NK test, samples of mammary gland were taken and cultivated on one used only Petri dish. Depending of the origin of the infection, the proper atibitics were chosen for the cure. After 7 to 14 days after antibiotics treatment, milk sample was taken from the cured part od mammary gland and It was tested to see, if the treatment was successful. 77% of the specimen were sick because of microorganisms and most of the specimen were afflicted the most during 1st lactation (36.8% to 47.1%). Following microorganisms caused mastisis - Staphylococcus spp. (KNS), Streptococcus uberis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Candida rugosa a Enterococcus faecalis. 36% of mastisis was caused by Staphylococcus spp. (KNS), followed by coliform bacteria (22%). 17% of mastisis was caused by Streptococcus uberis. 10.5% of specimen was infected by Enterococcus faecalis. Candida rugosa was found in 7.4% of the samples and in 9.5% of samples the diseasehad no specific microorganism responsible. From 105 infected cows, 68% of them fully recovered. At the end, based on the stage of the mastisis, efectivness of the treatmend was statistically evaluated. The evaluation showed, that stage of infection massively influence the result of the treatment.
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Faktory ovlivňující výskyt mastitid ve vybraném chovu a návrh jejich řešení
TLUSTÁ, Tereza
A mastitis is an inflammatory illness of a milk gland, currently the mastitis is one of the most common health problems in cattle breeding. In most cases the mastitis is caused by bacterial infections of an udder, it can be also caused by viruses, protozoa, yeast, algae and molds. There are huge variety of factors reducing defensive immune mechanisms of the udder and predispose a cow for the inflammation. An etiology of mastitis and mainly ways of prevention are very interesting not only for dairy cows breeders, but also for researchers, scientists and veterinarians. Main reason is economy of dairy cattle the inflammation of milk gland reduces actual milk production, it can influenced milk yield in next lactations and lenght of productive life of the dairy cow too. Usually culling rate and death rate grow. The mastitis has negative effect on reproduction and health status of the cow, especially on hooves' health; that also leads to shortening of cow's productive life and necessity of faster replacement of affected cows by heifers. An aim of this work is to found out risk factors which enlarges chance of the mastitis. Rate of mastitis is influenced by an age of a cow and a number of lactation, a number of days in lactation, an age of a cow at the 1st calving, an yield of the previous lactation, cases of mastitis at the 1st and next lactations and health problems on start of a lactation. A number of treated teats is influenced by an age of a cow at the 1st calving, an yield of the previous lactation and days of the dry-period. Negative effect of mastitis on the reproduction wasn't completely demonstrated; there were only found out that higher number of treating cases extends time between calvings.
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Studium vlivu markeru CGIL4 na obsah somatických buněk v mléce
MOJŽÍŠKOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of individual genotypes in the CGIL4 locus in a given cattle population. The analysis was carried out in breeds of Holstein and Czech Pied Cattle. The relationship between the genotype in the given locus and the number of somatic cells in the milk was verified. An increased number of somatic cells is the main indicator of mastitis. The diploma thesis described the factors that provoked their origin. In the practical part, milk samples were taken in a selected cow population of both breeds. The DNA was isolated from the milk and samples for the CGIL4 locus were genotyped. Genetic and allelic frequencies were counted from genotyping results. Finally, the potential relationship between genotype in a given locus and the number of somatic cells in milk was evaluated statistically.
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Sledování morfologické stavby vemen u plemene zwartbles
MACHO, Michal
This thesis deals with the monitoring of morphological structures udder of breed zwartbles. Measurements were performed at 77 selected ewes Measured values for individual dimensions: Depth of udder reaches an average size of 17.74 cm. Width of udder reaches an average size of 14.77 cm and average length of the teat has a value of 3.11 cm. Based on measured values it shows, that breed zwartbles has potential for milk production as is the case in sheep improved Wallachian and Lacaune The position of the teats has an average value of 2.22 points. The teats are directed slightly to the side and are located at the lower edges of the udder. Clamping of the udder has an average value 2.08 points. The Clamping is broad and overall space between the rear legs is almost the entire filled Split udder has an average value of 2.53 points. The splitting is weak, but distinct and hanging ligament is perceptible. Monitoring diseases and disorders of the udder in the years 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. In year 2013, was the incidence of disorders on the value of 6.72%. In year 2014, this number had a value of 10.34%. In year 2015, equal to 5% and in year 2016 5.7%. This was the shortage of milk, the teat ducts impassibility and infections
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