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Analýza příčin vyřazování a vlivů na dlouhověkost dojnic ve vybraném chovu holštýnského skotu
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Marie
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the causes of culling of Holstein dairy cows from a particular farm. The main aim of the thesis is to analyse the individual causes of culling and their frequency in the breed. The monitoring took place at the DZV Nova a.s. company in the VKK Petrovice stable of the Agrofert holding, between 2020 and 2022. According to the culling code list, in which the individual causes of discarding are listed, the frequency of these individual causes was analysed. The most common reasons for culling dairy cows in the VKK Petrovice stable include culling due to mammary gland diseases, fertility disorders, and recently dairy cows have also been discarded in large numbers due to unsuitability for a robotic milking parlour. The measures consist of mastitis prevention management, monitoring the health of dairy cows, balancing the feed ration in critical periods of the reproductive cycle and lactation phases, and a breeding program.
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Vyhodnocení účinnosti a ekonomické náročnosti protokolu selektivního zaprahování krav v zemědělském podniku
VLÁŠEK, Pavel
The aim of the thesis "Evaluation of the effectiveness and economic cost of the protocol for selective dry cow therapy in a dairy farm" was to compile a literature review focusing on the description of lactation physiology and the dry period phases. Furthermore, it aimed to analyze individual procedures of dry cow therapy and decribe mastitis as a disease including its pathogens and courses. In the practical partical part, the influence of three methods of dry cow therapy on the occurrence of mastitis and the development of somatic cell count during lactation post-calving was evaluated. These methods included dry cow therapy using teat seals alone or in combination with antibiotics. The data under analysis originated from the Agricultural Joint Stock Company Lípa, which maintains approximately 300 head of Holstein cows with a closed herd turnover. Data from the years 2020-2024 were evaluated. Based on the method of dry cow therapy, evaluated groups were formed as follows: Group 1 - Orbeseal (teat seals), Group 2 - Orbenin and Orbeseal and Group 3 - Virbactan and Orbeseal. The somatic cell count (SCC) increased on average with increasing lactation order. Group 1, treated with Orbeseal, had a higher average SCC compared to Group 2 and 3 in the first month of utility control, but the incidence of mastitis was not higher. The lowest average SCC was observed in Group 3.
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Vyhodnocení výskytu mastitid u dojnic ve vybraném chovu skotu
KOPEČKOVÁ, Kateřina
Mastitis is a serious production disease affecting dairy cattle. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the incidence of mastitis in a selected cattle farm during the study period 2022-2023. A total of 174 cases of mastitis were identified, 82 % of which were caused by environmental pathogens, the most isolated being Streptococcus uberis (68 %). The highest incidence of mastitis occurred during summer (28 %) and the lowest during autumn (22 %). The most frequently infected quarter was the right hind (34 %) and the lowest incidence was in the left front (18 %). During the study, mastitis occurred during lactations 1-6, but was most frequently demonstrated in lactation 2 (29 %), with the lowest incidence occurring during lac-tations 5 and 6 (7 %). From calving to mastitis incidence occurred most frequently in phase 4 (over 150 days), during which 31 % of mastitis occurred. The somatic cell count was 316 000, with the highest count during August 2022 (405 000).
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Infekční mastitidy skotu a jejich současná problematika
Pavezová, Natálie
The topic of the bachelor thesis is infectious mastitis of cattle and their current problems. The anatomy of the mammary gland itself, classification of mastitis, selected pathogens causing infectious mastitis and their prevention and treatment are described. Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, currently represents one of the greatest risks to dairy cattle producers. It is a major cause of economic losses in the dairy industry as milk quality is poor and production is reduced. The disease is influenced by many factors, both environmental factors, which are mainly caused by the environment such as dirty bedding, and infectious factors, where the infection occurs mainly in the parlour. The result of this work is therefore a review of significant infectious mastitis, both in terms of prevention, treatment and control. It is most important to focus on the prevention of this disease, as it is better than treatment alone, which can have fatal consequences.
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Produkce cytokinů v průběhu mastitid skotu
Tylčová, Natálie
The aim of this work was to detect the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory IL-10. The experiment included 20 dairy cows at different stages of mastitis, which came from the Nová Ves agricultural cooperative. 80 samples were totaly taken, from all quarters, from each dairy cow, which were divided into three groups. The first group represented healthy dairy cows, without clinical signs of mastitis, with a somatic cell count of up to 100 000, from 5 dairy cows, that is 20 milk samples. The second group consisted of dairy cows with clinical signs of mastitis and somatic cell counts up to 400 000, from 10 cows, that is 40 milk samples. The third group consisted of dairy cows with somatic cell counts of more than 1 000 000, from 5 cows, that is 20 milk samples. These samples were processed in the laboratory of the Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics at Mendel University in Brno. The concentration of TNF-α and IL-10 was detected by ELISA. The average concentration of TNF-α in the first group was 138.70 pg/ml, in the second group 133.60 pg/ml, in the third group 95.05 pg/ml. The average concentration of IL-10 in the first group was 9.52 pg/ml, in the second group 11.03 pg/ml, in the third group 8.66 pg/ml.
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Zhodnocení výskytu environmentálních mastitid ve vybraném chovu dojného skotu
BÍLÝ, David
Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of environmental mastitis and the economic impact of mastitis in a selected dairy cattle farm for the period 2019-2022. A total of 596 cases of mastitis were diagnosed, of which 78% were environmental mastitis. While the number of cases of contagious mastitis decreased over the period under review (from 36 % to 6 %), the number of environmental mastitis cases followed the opposite trend. The economic cost per dairy cow ranged from CZK 2 134 to CZK 4 527. The largest item was the loss of milk from treated dairy cows.
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Imunogenetické principy reakce mléčné žlázy na patogeny u skotu
Benešová, Magdalena
Bovine mastitis is the most common bovine disease. IR genes (Immune response genes) are used to resist the immune response. The aim of this work is to describe these genes and their role in immune responses. The complexity of immune responses and resistant polygenic features make it difficult to understand all future comers in the mammary gland. The immune responses describe the components of cellular and humoral immunity that are involved in the defense of the mammary gland. Identification of genomic variants associated with resistance is still trying to find and identify other genes that affect mastitis. Whole genome association studies (GWAS), which use SNP fields, are a valuable tool in these studies. This method uses the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of individuals. Thanks to GWAS several candidate genes for bovine mastitis resistance have already been identified.
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Funkční stav mléčné žlázy v závislosti na způsobu zaprahnutí dojnic
KOSOVÁ, Vendula
The method of dry off therapy dairy cows significantly affects the overall course of the dry period, the functional state of the mammary gland and the occurrence of mastitis in the first phase of lactation. Concerns about antimicrobial resistance have been growing in recent years, leading to demands for antibiotic reduction in livestock farming. Efforts to reduce antibiotic consumption also affect the way cows are milked. The selective method of thresholding seems to be a suitable alternative to surface antibiotic plating, which was a common practice on most farms in the Czech Republic. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to process the recorded data on dry dairy cows and their subsequent comparison in order to evaluate different methods of drying off. The data, used in this thesis, was taken in the agricultural enterprise Agrodam Hořepník, in the period from September 2020 to October 2021 and deals with a total of 398 dairy cows. The methods of drying off compared were: drying off using the antibiotic preparation Orbenin and Orbeseal teat plugs, a combination of the Orbenin antibiotic preparation, Orbeseal teat plugs and the Herba Dry herbal supplement, dryin off with the help of the Orbeseal teat plug with the Herba Dry herbal supplement and a variant of the Orbeseal teat plug itself. Antibiotic dry cow therapy had the most effective results when comparing PSB before farrowing and after calving. However, the fact that alternative methods did not achieve the same favorable results as antibiotics, their use in dairy cows with low PSB appears to be effective.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of mastitis using on-farm cultivation
KRATOCHVÍL, Martin
Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases of dairy cattle and their treatment is also the most common cause of antibiotic use on a farm. Farm cultivation is currently one of the ways to improve the decision-making process in the treatment of mastitis. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the treatment procedures using farm cultivation and to make an economic evaluation of mastitis on a selected farm of dairy cattle.The experimental observation of a herd of dairy black-spotted Holstein cattle to assess the treatment of mastitis took place in two monitoring periods: without farm cultivation (BFK); with farm cultivation (SFK). A significant difference in the number of cured cases and cases of reinfections was found between the observed periods. While 60.6% of mastitis cases were cured during the BFK period and 30.4% of cases were reinfected, in the SFK period 87.1% of dairy cows were healed and only 12.9% of them were reinfected. The total financial costs associated with mastitis were almost the same in both periods. The highest item was milk losses. It can be positively assessed that the involvement of farm cultivation did not significantly increase the costs associated with the treatment of mastitis. The introduction of a farm cultivation system into an antimastitis program had a very positive effect on the effectiveness of the treatment performed on the monitored farm. The main benefit was a significant reduction in the number of reinfections and an increase in the number of successfully cured dairy cows, while maintaining almost the same treatment costs.
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