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The occurrence of mycotoxins in feed materials
Twumasi, Edward
Mycotoxins are secondary toxic metabolites, produced by several genera of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium occurring in foods and feeds. Mycotoxins, receiving considerable global attention are aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, Deoxynivanelol, fumonisins, zearalenone, citrinin, patulin and ergot alkaloids. The treated group of barley (A variant) was treated with Hutton (0.8 l/ha at BBCH of 36) + Zantara (1.5 l/ha, BBCH of 65). Another group (B variant) was treated with the combination of Hutton (0.8 l/ha, BBCH of 36) + Prosaro EC250 (0.75 L/ha, BBCH of 65). The control group, used for comparison with the treated samples, was untreated. Barley was harvested at full maturity. The barley samples were analysed using high pressure liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry detection. The method has been optimized for 57 kinds of mycotoxins in our previous research. The advantage of this technique is the ability to detect a wide range of mycotoxins, including masked mycotoxins and ones that are present at low level. In this study, following mycotoxins were detected: deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-de¬oxynivalenol, zearalenol, β-zearalenol, enniatin A, enniatin A1, en¬niatin B, enniatin B1, alternariol, alternariol, and methyl-ether. Moreover, the result from this study suggests that, there are likely the occurrences of mycotoxins after antifungal treatment which gives an indication that there is a need for the verification of less known mycotoxins in food products.
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Degradovatelnost vybraných mykotoxinů metodou in vitro
Páleníková, Ivana
This diploma thesis focuses on the topic of degradability of mycotoxins in vitro method. The first part covers a brief description of mold (micromycetes) and the products of secondary metabolism - mycotoxins, masked mycotoxins and negatives effect on cattle and pigs health.The second part description own work dealing digestibility selected mycotoxins was tested in rumen fluid in vitro. The three groups of barley crop with different fungicide treatment were included in the experiment. The first group served as the control one without fungicide treatment. The second group of barley (variant A) was treated with Hutton (0,8 L/ha at BBCH 36) + Zantar (1,5 L/ha at BBCH 65). The third group of barley (variant B) was treated with the combination of Hutton (0,8 L/ha at BBCH 36) + Prosaro EC250 (0,75 L/ha at BBCH 65). In the original mass of barely, ten levels of mycotoxins were established. Subsequently, the samples were incubated in the machine Daisy II for 24 hours. The cellulase and pepsin enzymes were used in the incubation. Following mycotoxins were determined in the incubation fluid such as dexynivalenol, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol. In the variant A, the level of dexynivalenolu was higher by 36%, zearalenone by about 2%, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside by 12%, and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol by 39%. Low levels of the mycotoxins were found out in the variant B. Deoxynivalenol level was lower by 19%, zearalenone by 30%, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside by 37% (p < 0,05). The 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol level was higher by 12% in a comparison with the control group. The obtained results showed that the fungicidal treatment and digestive enzymes could eliminate the transition of mycotoxins into incubative (rumen) liquid, and thereby to reduce the risk of the load of the organism by the mycotoxins.
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