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Representation of biologically active substances in the grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.)
Horníčková, Štěpánka ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Vlastimil, Vlastimil (referee)
Seeds of 41 white and 22 blue vine varieties cultivated on six vine-growing areas were assessed as a by-product after winemaking on the contents of total polyphenols (TP) and phosphorus (P) spectrophotometrically, total tocols (TC) including individual tocols by HPLC-FLD, and metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) by FAAS. Remaining TP and TC levels were mainly affected by the variety, while levels of microelements (Cu, Mn, and Zn) and P or K by the vine-growing area. The highest TC and TP levels were found in the seeds of white varieties. Varieties of grape seeds have significant impact on the gamma-tocotrienol content. The color of grape varieties has significant impact on alpha-tocotrienol content. Grape seeds from grape cultivated on the Czech growing area contained higher levels of macroelements except P, however no significant differences between growing areas have been found. The crop year has significant influence on TP, Fe and Cu content. Results herein revealed the considerable potential of grape seeds, a by-product of the vinification process, as a valuable inexpensive source of high added value of nutritionally beneficial compounds - polyphenol and tocol antioxidants and macro- and microelements for use as feed additives in animal nutrition.
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Listová výživa ve vinohradu
Kreisinger, Kateřina
The thesis describes testing of powder water-soluble fertilizer produced by Fosfa, a.s. company on Chardonnay variety grown on the Most-Čepirohy vineyard. The fertilizer was prepared in three variants as a pure fertilizer containing makroelements N, P, K, Mg and S and microelements Fe, Cu, Zn, B and Mo. Extracts of seaweed were added to the second variant, the third one contained a surface-active agent, and the fourth one contained all the additives. In the spring before the fertilizer was applied, soil analysis was performed. Altogether the fertilizer was applied on the leaves five times. During the softening of berries, leaves were removed for an analysis. The analysis focused on the fertilizer efficiency and its ability to penetrate the leaves. In the stage of full grapes' maturity, uvological characteristics were evaluated. Samples for the juice analysis were removed from the harvested grapes. The following analytical values were determined: content of titrationable acids, sugar content, pH and assimilable nitrogen content. Individual variants were compared with a control variant without foliar application. The variant with the water-soluble fertilizer and the surface-active agent was determined as the best one, because it showed the best results from the perspective of leave analysis, increased sugar content, reduction of acid content and increased content of assimilable nitrogen. There were no differences observed in the plant health conditions nor uvological characteristics of individual variants. No influence of the seaweed extract on the grape quality was observed. Grape quality was significantly influenced by above-the-average rainfall during maturing and the grapes were infected by Botrytis cinerea.
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