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Minimalizační a půdoochranné technologie uplatněné při pěstování kukuřice na zrno
Adámek, Josef
This bachelor thesis compares the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the changes of soil properties and grain corn yield. It contrasts measuring results from a long-term experiment of grain corn monoculture. The thesis uses results from years 2012 to 2014. The field experiment was carried out in a grain corn production area on brown medium heavy soil. There were three alternatives of soil tillage compared -- convention tillage, minimum tillage and no-till. During the observed time from 2012 to 2014, the highest average yield was achieved in the alternative with convention tillage. The highest average grain corn yield was reached in 2013 with convention tillage (10,2 t.ha-1), the lowest in 2014 with no-till (4,99 t.ha-1). The comparison of the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the soil properties showed values which refer to the problem of soil compaction. This finding was proved also by soil research with the help of penetrometer measuring. Critical values of soil compaction were detected in the depth of 0,10-0,30 m in the no-till alternative. This compaction results in the decrease of minimal air capacity under 10 %. Excessive soil compaction was also detected in the depth of 0,20-0,30 m in the minimum tillage alternative. Negative compaction was not proved in the convention tillage alternative. From the observation results and experience gained from practice it is possible to recommend minimum tillage as the most optimal alternative for grain corn production in this area. The use of minimization is optimal for grain corn growth and evolution and in comparison with convention tillage it is more soil-friendly, more efficient with regard to the use of labour force and more profitable.
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Minimalizační a půdoochranné technologie uplatněné při pěstování kukuřice na zrno
Adámek, Josef
This bachelor thesis compares the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the changes of soil properties and grain corn yield. It contrasts measuring results from a long-term experiment of grain corn monoculture. The thesis uses results from years 2012 to 2014. The field experiment was carried out in a grain corn production area on brown medium heavy soil. There were three alternatives of soil tillage compared -- convention tillage, minimum tillage and no-till. During the observed time from 2012 to 2014, the highest average yield was achieved in the alternative with convention tillage. The highest average grain corn yield was reached in 2013 with convention tillage (10,2 t.ha-1), the lowest in 2014 with no-till (4,99 t.ha-1). The comparison of the influence of various examples of soil tillage on the soil properties showed values which refer to the problem of soil compaction. This finding was proved also by soil research with the help of penetrometer measuring. Critical values of soil compaction were detected in the depth of 0,10-0,30 m in the no-till alternative. This compaction results in the decrease of minimal air capacity under 10 %. Excessive soil compaction was also detected in the depth of 0,20-0,30 m in the minimum tillage alternative. Negative compaction was not proved in the convention tillage alternative. From the observation results and experience gained from practice it is possible to recommend minimum tillage as the most optimal alternative for grain corn production in this area. The use of minimization is optimal for grain corn growth and evolution and in comparison with convention tillage it is more soil-friendly, more efficient with regard to the use of labour force and more profitable.
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Vliv různého zpracování půdy na výnosy a ekonomiku pěstování kukuřice na zrno
Nejedlá, Jana
The thesis was evaluated the effect of different tillage on yield and economics of maize grain. Monitoring was carried out in the years 2006 - 2012 on loamy gley Fluvisol in corn production areas. Corn for grain was within the crop rotation grown after winter wheat. Comparison of two variants of tillage: 1) Conventional tillage with plowing (0.22 meters) 2) Minimization tillage with shallow loosening (at 0.15 m) Effects of different tillage on yields of corn for grain was lackluster, the differences between the versions in addition to the 2010 statistically inconclusive. Higher average yield for the reference years were recorded on the variant of the classical tillage (10.65 t /ha), lower average yield was at variant with shallow tillage (10.34 t /ha). The difference in yield between the variants was 0.31 tons per hectare. Sales of a conventional tillage were on average higher years (46,627 Kč/ha) as compared to minimization processing (46,297 Kč/ha), the difference between the variants was 330 Kč per hectare. Direct costs were a conventional tillage on average in higher (18 094 Kč/ha) than in the minimization process (17 470 Kč/ha), the difference between the variants was 624 Kč per hectare. Contribution margin was a conventional tillage on average in lower (29 295 Kč/ha) than in the minimization process (29 573 Kč/ha), the difference between the variants was 278 Kč per hectare. The results show the overall monitoring of the environmental conditions of the possibility of using both technological procedures tillage (classical and minimization) of maize grain grown in crop rotation after winter wheat.
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