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Summary of a potential evapotranspiration calculation methods in the selected river basins
Bedáňová, Jana ; Benáčková, Kateřina (referee) ; Marton, Daniel (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with the research of available methods for calculating potential evapotranspiration and the subsequent application of selected methods. The text part describes general knowledge about evapotranspiration, specific types of vapors from different surfaces (water, soil, vegetation, snow cover, urbanized area). The following are methods of direct measurement, where the types of vapor meters are described, for which types of vapors they are used. Indirect measurement methods for determining potential evapotranspiration and their distribution are also described here. The main part of the research is empirical methods for calculating potential evapotranspiration, here is a selected list of these methods. Furthermore, a practical application of the method according to Thornthwaite, Hargreaves-Samani and Hargreaves-Allen is carried out using data from the Olomouc-Holice precipitation station, the data of which are available from the ČHMÚ portal. Then a comparison of the used calculation methods is made.
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Flow, chemical and isotopic composition of water in unsaturated zone of the castellated sandstone at Klokočské skály area
Mikuš, Petr ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Jiráková, Hana (referee)
The study is focused on character of flow, permeability, mean residence of water, chemical composition of water and chemical fluxes in unsaturated zone of castellated sandstone at Klokočské Skály area. Soil water as well as the water seeping from up to 15 m thick sandstone unsaturated zone consists of mixture of: A) Component with mean residence time 2-4 months (50-75% of mixture) and B) Component with mean residence time exceeding 4 years (25-50% of mixture). In winter the component A is missing in K3 drip place probably because of freezing conditions, which prevent infiltration of the fast component. Sulfates are the most abundant anion in studied waters with chemical flux in sandstone unsaturated zone (SUZ) 7-10 g/m2/year, which exceeds several times the influx from total (wet and dry) atmospheric deposition (1.2 g/m2/year). On the other hand nitrates flux is decreasing with depth (atmospheric deposition 1.7 g/m2/year; flux in SUZ 0.2-0.4 g/m2/year). Aluminum is the most abundant cation in SUZ (average concentration 6.3 mg/l, max. 35 mg/l). Flux of aluminum in SUZ is 2.5 g/m2/year, which is 80 times more that atmospheric deposition. Surprisingly the forest vegetation does not seem to suffer any directly visible damage. Silica is another substance which is intensively leached from SUZ. The most prominent...
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Flow, chemical and isotopic composition of water in unsaturated zone of the castellated sandstone at Klokočské skály area
Mikuš, Petr ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Jiráková, Hana (referee)
The study is focused on character of flow, permeability, mean residence of water, chemical composition of water and chemical fluxes in unsaturated zone of castellated sandstone at Klokočské Skály area. Soil water as well as the water seeping from up to 15 m thick sandstone unsaturated zone consists of mixture of: A) Component with mean residence time 2-4 months (50-75% of mixture) and B) Component with mean residence time exceeding 4 years (25-50% of mixture). In winter the component A is missing in K3 drip place probably because of freezing conditions, which prevent infiltration of the fast component. Sulfates are the most abundant anion in studied waters with chemical flux in sandstone unsaturated zone (SUZ) 7-10 g/m2/year, which exceeds several times the influx from total (wet and dry) atmospheric deposition (1.2 g/m2/year). On the other hand nitrates flux is decreasing with depth (atmospheric deposition 1.7 g/m2/year; flux in SUZ 0.2-0.4 g/m2/year). Aluminum is the most abundant cation in SUZ (average concentration 6.3 mg/l, max. 35 mg/l). Flux of aluminum in SUZ is 2.5 g/m2/year, which is 80 times more that atmospheric deposition. Surprisingly the forest vegetation does not seem to suffer any directly visible damage. Silica is another substance which is intensively leached from SUZ. The most prominent...
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