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Possibilities of physiotherapy for chronic overtrain of ski jumpers locomotory system
LATZKOVÁ, Darina
This bachelor thesis deals with possibilities which physiotherapy offers to ease chronic overstrain of locomotor system of ski jumpers and it is especially focused on children of younger school age. Ski jumping is an individual sport of acyclic character whose main aim is to perform a technically correct ski jump as long as possible. Big demands are placed on locomotor system in the process of reaching this result. Big load and strain on locomotor system can lead to formation of muscular dysbalance or functional disorders deteriorating stability, coordination and performance of the sportsman and on the other hand they increase the risk of fall and a subsequent injury of the ski jumper. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part represents theoretical findings, e.g. what ski jumping is, the history of the sport and analysis of particular phases of a ski jump which follow one another from kineziologic point of view. The theoretical part contains summary findings about locomotory system overloading with subsequent formation of functional disorders and suggesting concrete general and also specific methods used in therapy. The second, practical part represents the method of qualitative research. The research was based on case interpretation containing collecting anamnestic figures of a patient, preliminary analysis and suggestion of short-term therapeutic plan, the process of particular therapies and subsequent final analysis, general evaluation of the therapy and suggesting a long-term therapeutic plan. Collecting figures was pursued through interviews with patients and coaches, during observation and obtaining anamnesis and kineziologic examinations. The examined team was formed by three ski jumpers from the Sports Club in Nové Město na Moravě. The therapy went on three times a week for three months. Twice a week there was autotherapeutic exercise and once a week there were meetings in the grammar school gymnasium or rehabilitation department in Nové Město na Moravě. Techniques of soft tissues, mobilization, gentle traction, joint centration, post-izometric relaxation, stretching and breathing exercises, deep stabilization system activation, elements of the school of the back, exercises for flatfeet, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, sensomotoric stimulation, kinesio taping, elements from dynamic neuromuscular facilitation, Klapps crawls exercises and brace exercises according to Roswithy Brunkow were used during the therapy. The aim of the thesis was to deal with the problem of ski jumpers locomotory system overstraining from the point of view of physiotherapy and suggesting possibilities of concrete methods of kineziotherapy and physiotherapy as the prevention of injuries and overstrain. The results show that the chosen therapeutic system more or less positively influenced the condition of the three patients. The hypertonic cervical muscles was reduced, some shortened muscles mostly of lower limbs were treated, slight strengthening of lower fixator muscle of scapulas as well as of longitudinal and transverse foot arch led to better postural position and reduced muscular dysbalance. The possibility to influnce chronic overstrain of locomotor system of ski jumpers is real but it needs long-term and intensive training. The worked out material can help education and better orientation in this field not only physiotherapy students but also coaches and ski jumpers themselves.
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