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Vliv modernizace stáje na produkční ukazatele v chovu kachen
FULÍN, Ondřej
The subject of the thesis was the analysis of performance characteristics of the broiler Peking duck hybrid Cherry Valley SM3 in the Smilkov a.s. enterprise in the modernized barn in comparison with the data obtained before the modernization of the barn (original barn). Practical monitoring was carried out in the modernised barn, in which a controlled microclimate was applied. Each round was stocked with a quantity of 3 200 ducks. The weighting was always 1 % of the total stacked turn, i.e. 32 ducks. During the period under review, data were collected from 7 turnovers at weekly intervals starting from stacking, i.e., day 1 of age to day 42 of age of the ducks. From the 3rd week of age onwards, the live weight of ducks was lower in the upgraded barn. It was found that at 42 days of age, the live weight in the original barn was 3 596 g, whereas, in the upgraded barn, the live weight decreased to 3 335 g (difference of 261 g). Thus, the data obtained in the modernised barn also showed a lower average daily gain over the period under study (77.8 g), which started to lag behind the average daily gain from the original barn (82.6 g) during fattening, as was the case for the live weight from 3 weeks of age. The difference in average daily gain over the period considered was 4.6 g. The reduction in live weight and average daily gain was related to a reduction in compound feed consumption. During the period under review, the consumption of compound feed decreased from 165.1 t (original barn) to 152.0 t (modernised barn). With lower compound feed consumption, feed conversion improved slightly, decreasing from 2,30 kg/1 kg gain in the original barn to 2,28 kg/ 1 kg gain in the modernised barn. Mortality increased in the modernised barn from 2.87 % to 3.27 % (a difference of 0.40 %). On the basis of the analysis of the mortality data, it can be concluded that the higher mortality was probably due to insufficient cleaning of the sheds or failure to comply with all the disinfection principles when preparing the shed for the following turn.
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Ukazatele výkrmnosti u kachen ve vybraném podniku
FULÍN, Ondřej
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to perform practical monitoring of production indicators of broiler hybrid Cherry Valley SM3 in the Smilkov farm Ltd. The study was carried out in two breeds (Smilkov and Kouty) with different fattening technology for the period of 1 year. The weighing always included 1 % of the total number of ducks of the monitored batch, i.e., 32 ducks. The results were obtained from 14 batches (7 batches from each barn). The highest live weight was achieved in the Smilkov breed, with an average of 3.52 kg/pcs, while the Kouty breed achieved an average weight of 3.45 kg/pcs. The Smilkov breed also achieved a better average daily gain, which was 83.3 g/head/day, the Kouty breed had a lower average daily gain of 81.5 g/head/day. The Kouty stable, which has a controlled microclimate, showed better results in mortality rate and feed consumption. The average mortality rate was 1.64 % and 153.3 t of complete feed mixture were fed during the period under review. The average mortality rate in the Smilkov farm was 2.87 % and 165.1 t complete feed mixture was consumed, a difference of 11.8 t of feed between the farms. The feed conversion ratio (amount of feed needed per 1 kg of gain) in the Kouty farm was 2.2 kg/1 kg of gain, while in the Smilkov farm the conversion was found to be 2.3 kg/1 kg of gain.
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Masná užitkovost u plemene Salers
BÍNOVÁ, Hana
The aim of this thesis was the evaluation of the meat performance of Salers beef-cattle bred in two private farms under different climatic conditions (altitude) one farm was situated 450 m above sea level, the other 750850 m above sea level. The evaluation included 36 purebred breeding-cows and 87 calves in the first farm and 38 purebred breeding-cows and 64 calves in the second farm. The observation was carried out in the period 20142016. The average age of the cows bred in the lower altitude farm was 8.5 years, 6.3 years in the second farm. The average calving interval of cows in the first farm was 392.10 days, calving interval of cows from the mountain area farm was 492.60 days. The first calving of cows was reached in three years on both farms (2.8 and 2.9 years respectively). The calves born on the farm in the higher altitude had higher birth weight and daily gains to the age of 210 days. The difference of the average birth weight between the groups was 5.7 kg, 10.94 kg at the age of 120 days, and 25.63 kg at the age of 210 days. When comparing live weight, the calves from natural breeding had better results than the calves from artificial insemination. The study proved an excellent milking capacity of Salers cows and therefore a good growth ability of the calves even under mountain condition of Šumava.
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Analysis of the meat oxherd breeds in an organic agriculture
ŠEBELKA, Štěpán
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the results of the Aberdeen Angus meet herd breeding in an ecological farming with the welfare relationship to the animals and at the same time to compare the efficiency after the system change of the farming at the farm Angus, Rančice, owned by Milan Šebelka. The research was done in the period of years 2005 ? 2012. The survey range includes 80 heads of thorough-bred cows as well as 266 heads of Aberdeen Angus calves born in the tracked period. The number of births and calving interval was dated by the cows. By the calves we noted the live weight and average daily gain in the growth process. The population of the calves was then sorted our by year of the birth, sex and by the way of farming. The data entries were elaborated in the MICROSOFT EXCEL and evaluated in STATISTICA. The cows had the calving interval of the period often from 351 to 380 days. In the herd with the most cows occurred at 3rd calf length interval. By the monitored number of calves no matter of the sex was noted the lowest live weight by the birth in transitional period (37.97 kg). The group of calves born in organic farming reached the highest average weight by the birth, in 120 days as well as in 210 days (38.88 kg, 190.91 kg, 307.81 kg). The lowest average weight in 120 days was noticed in transition period (176.93 kg), in 210 day in transition period again (271,56 kg). The best growth ability from the birth to 120 days was by the group of calves born in organic farming (heifers ? 1.177 kg, bulls ? 1.353 kg) compared to the lowest result in transitional period (heifers ? 1.091 kg, bulls ? 1.215 kg). The average daily gain from 120 till 210 days reached its minimum transitional period (heifers ? 1.082 kg, bulls ? 1.233 kg), the maximum numbers were noted in organic farming (heifers ? 1.253 kg, bulls ? 1.343 kg). The growth intensity from the birth till 210 days its minimum transitional period (heifers ? 1.074 kg, bulls ? 1.154 kg), the maximum numbers were noted in organic farming (heifers ? 1.209 kg, bulls ? 1.347 kg). In the ecological agriculture system was noted statistical better efficiency results (live weight, growth intensity) compared to conventional agriculture system.
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Evaluation of observed parameters of a beef herd.
CIMBURKOVÁ, Pavla
It has been observed beef breed herd of Aberdeen Angus cattle in the foothills area of Novohradské mountains in 1992 - 2007. The base of herd was consisted of 117 dams and 814 pieces of calves in total. The parameters of beef production of calves and the reproduction of dams were monitored. For the parameters of growth of calves were found significant effects of the year, the month of birth, sex, the order of calving, the method of reproduction and the sire.
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Ethological manifestation of bulls during fattening
ŽÁČEK, Pavel
The object of graduation theses was catch up the basic category of bull´s behaviour (food taking, resting, standing, movement). The bulls are stabled in free full grating system and they are here from start until the end of fattening with regard to racial differences among them. Average time of taking feed during whole fattening was 4.68 hours (19.4 %). Average time of caregory´s movement durinng whole fattening was 1.30 hours (5.4 %). Average time of resting was 13.41 hours (56.0 %). Average time of standing was 4.62 hours (19.2 %).
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Analysis of chosen effects on the efficiency of beef breeds
ZATLOUKAL, Jan
The aim of this dissertation lies in analysing the calf growth of a selected herd of meat-type cattle raised in a foothills landscape. The period of investigation lasted 5 years (2002 {--} 2006). The data obtained for the breeds Charolais and the meat-type Siemental cattle are presented in dependence on the breed, convenience of birth, mother´s height in the cross, calving month and the serial number of the birth. The study covers 795 Charolais calves and 450 calves of meat-type Siemental breed. In the time interval mentioned above, the Charolais breed gave 400 bulls and 395 heifers, the corresponding numbers for the meat-type Siemental breed are 226 bulls and 224 heifers. Considered from the viewpoint of breed influence on to the calf rate of growth, the investigation has revealed no statistically significant effect. A statistically significant effect has been revealed only for heifers 120 days old, the live weight of the meat-type Siemental heifers being higher (162,71 kg) than that for the Charolais heifers (158,14 kg). The differences in the live weight amount to 4,47 kg. Statistically, this diference is probably significant, the significance level p = 0,05. Furthermore, the work has studied the effect of calf sex onto the rate of growth in both calf categories mentioned above. The live weight of the meat-type calves show a statistically highly significant difference (p {>} 0,001) for the bulls and heifers at the age of 120, 210 and 365 days. At the age of 120 days, the live weight of bulls is by 14,31 kg higher compared with that of heifers, at the age of 210 days the difference amounts to 25,65 kg and at 365 days 116,29 kg. Similar differences between bulls and heifers are statistically highly significant also for Charolais calves. At the age of 120 days the bulls are heavier than heifers by 18,45 kg, at 210 days by 29,16 kg and at the age of 365 days this difference amounts to 115,59 kg. The study covers also the investigation of the effect of mother´s cross height on to the rate of calf growth. Considered statistically, no such effect has been revealed for calves 120, 210 and 365 days old. The investigation of the effect of the calving month has brought us to a conclusion that the heaviest calves are born in March and April, with the differences in individual months ranging on significance levels p {>} 0,001, p {>} 0,01 and p = 0,05. In both breeds we have also investigated the effect of the serial number of the birth on to the live weight. For the Charolais breed, the highest weight has been found for calves with serial number 3, 4 and 5. For the calves of the meat-type Siemental breed it has been found that the calves born as the second one reach the highest weight at the age of 120, 210 and 365 days,the results obtained being statistically highly significant (p {>} 0,001) and probably significant (p = 0,05).
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Using biotechnological methods in beef cattle herds
ZATLOUKAL, Jakub
The aim of this dissertation consists in analysing the results of the biotechnological techniques (insemination, embryotransfer) for a selected herd of meat-type cattle raised in a foothills countryside dutiny 5 years (2002 {--} 2006) and their comparison with natural breeding. The results this obtained are presented in dependence on the breed, fater{\crq}s origin and calving month. The analysis involves 795 Charolais calves and 450 meat-type Siemental calves. In the Charolais group insemination gave 275 calves, while natural breeding gave 520 calves. In the case of meat-type Siemental group the corresponding numbers are 179 and 271, accordingly. After embryotranfer we have got 4 Charolais calves and 15 calves of the other breed. The work evaluates the influence of the technique of breeding on to the rate of calf grow, with this investigation being performed in dependence on the breed. The meat-type Siemental bulls have shown a significant difference (p {>} 0,05) in the live weight of the calves 120 and 365 days old. In this age bulls born after insemination have been heavier (183,9 kg, 527,9 kg) in comparison with bulls born after natural breeding (172,4 kg, 497,0 kg). Concerming Charolais bulls, no statistically significant difference in the live weight have been found. In addition, no significant influence of the mode of breeding on to the live weight has been found for heifers of both breeds. Concerning the effect of the calving month on the rate of grow, the meat-type Siemntal calves have shown a highly statistically significant (p {>} 0,001) difference in the live weight of calves born in March. The live weights of calves born in March and weighed at 120, 210 and 365 days have been 181,17 kg, 289,2 kg and 510,31 kg, these values being valid for calves after insemination. The corresponding values for natural breeding are lower, particularly 168,26 kg, 271,37 kg and 439,59 kg. In addition a statistically considerable difference (p {>} 0,01) in the live weight has been found for calves 120 days old if the calves were born in April. Insemination has led to a live weight of 194,5 kg, while natural breeding to 168,9 kg. In the group of Charolais calves a statistically significant difference (p {>} 0,01 {--} 0,05) has been found at the age of 365 days. Calves born after insemination had a higher live weight (462,85 kg) as compared to those born after natural breeding (432,85 kg). As concerns the parameters characterising fertility, the following ones have been analysed: the service period (SP), the birth-to-birth interval and the percentage of becoming pregnanat after the first insemination. For the whole period under investigation, the SP value for the Charolais calves (T 100) has been 89,19 days while for the meat-type Siemental calves (S 100) 80,04 days. As concerns the birth-to-birth period found for Charolais (381,32 days) and the meat-type Siemental (390,35 days), it may be stated that these results are satisfactory. The percentage of becoming pregnant after the first insemination has shown a downword trend for both breeds in the course of the years under study. Investigated paramentrs of growth and reproduction are markedly influenced by the breed.
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