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Zhodnocení růstu a základních ukazatelů jatečné hodnoty jehňat kříženců plemen romney marsh a clun forest
Minářová, Tereza
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the growth and basic indicators of carcass value of romney marsh lambs (RM) and crossbreeds of romney marsh and clun forest (CF x RM). The study was carried out in 2019 on the family organic farm in Budeč. The first part of this work is a literature summary that represents problematics of growth and carcass value of lambs. It also deals with the possible effects of various factors on the parameters of growth ability and carcass value of lambs. The next section presents characteristics of the farm and monitored breeds of sheep. The growth was evaluated on the 25 male lambs sample. Live weight was measured at birth, at 70 days, at 100 days and at 130 days. Based on these live weights average daily gain at each interval was calculated. Further, the effect of genotype and interaction of genotype and litter size on live weight and daily gain were evaluated. The genotype had no significant effect on any of the live weights. In terms of average daily gain, the genotype had a significant effect only at some intervals of lamb´s life. Higher live weight at 100 days of age (28.2 kg) and higher daily gain from birth to 100 days (234.9 g) were found out in RM lambs. The effect of the interaction of genotype and litter size was found for most of the monitored live weights and average daily gains. In RM lambs, higher live weight at 100 days (32.0 kg) and higher daily gain in the interval from birth to 100 days (268.4 g) were found in singles. But in CF x RM lambs, these results were higher for twins. For control slaughter 10 male lambs were slaughtered of which 5 of them were RM and 5 of them were CF x RM. As part of the assessment basic indicators of carcass value and the influence of genotype on these indicators, the live weight before slaughter, carcass weight, weight of skin, weight of selected internal organs and right leg weight were determined. Meatiness and fatness were also subjectively evaluated. Slightly better results were found in CF x RM male lambs. In terms of the influence of genotype on carcass value and weight and proportion of viscera, none of the results of the control slaughter were statistically significant.
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Evolution of litter size in hystricomorph rodents
Cingelová, Alexandra ; Dušek, Adam (advisor) ; Špoutil, František (referee)
The suborder Hystricomorpha is an ideal model group for the study of rodent life-history evolution due to its wide distribution, great diversity of inhabited ecosystems and social systems. By tracking several factors, it was possible to determine the key factors that influenced litter size during evolution. The data set contained 75 of the total 292 species of the suborder. The average litter size, female and male body size, level of sexual dimorphism, level of sociality, type of reproductive system, level of parental care, presence of multipaternity, type of habitat and food were assigned to each species based on the information obtained from the available literature. The analysis included a statistical part calculated using general linear mixed models, and a phylogenetic part including parsimonious mapping of characters onto the phylogenetic tree and linear regression using phylogenetic independent contrasts. Social factors like degree of sociality, sexual dimorphism and reproductive system significantly influenced litter size at birth. Multipaternity also had an influence, but less than the first three factors. Ecological factors, food and environment, had no effects unless they were combined with the effect of family. It is therefore possible to assume that ecological factors have influenced...
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Vlivy působící na plodnost bahnic plemene valaška.
FREMLOVÁ, Aneta
The aim of this diploma thesis was the analysis of selected factors and their influence on the fertility of ewes in the Wallachian sheep breed. These factors were presented over the age of ewes for fertility, litter size and lamb survival. The second factor was the influence of the sire line on fertility, litter size and lamb survival. For this purpose, a farm in Dlouhá Stropnice was chosen. First the herd was introduced, then statistically described and finally a statistical analysis of selected factors was performed. Based on the achieved results, recommendations for breeders were proposed.
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Optimization of litter size in rodents
Cingelová, Alexandra ; Dušek, Adam (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Optimization of litter size can be defined as adjustment of litter size according to actual environmental conditions or condition of mother to reach a compromise between the maximum number of offspring and their individual fitness. Rodents are an ideal taxon to study this topic because of their enormous interspecific variability in life strategies across the whole order. The variation in litter size among rodent species was influenced by countless ecological and social factors during their evolution. These include the geographical location of the breeding populations, various life and reproductive strategies such as r-/K-strategy, the presence of altricial or precocious offspring, various ways of life, the presence of water in the environment, predation rate, hibernation, and sociality. Litter size can be adjusted already before fertilization, for example by choosing a partner, by timing reproduction, condition, age and social status of the mother. Genetic factors affecting litter size are, for example, MHC glycoprotein polymorphism and t-haplotype. Reduction of the litter size may occur before insemination by influencing the ovulation rate, female reproductive hormone levels and exposure to the stressors, during implantation by selective abortion, and postpartum by infanticide, siblicide, and...
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Optimization of litter size in rodents
Cingelová, Alexandra ; Dušek, Adam (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Optimization of litter size can be defined as adjustment of litter size according to actual environmental conditions or condition of mother to reach a compromise between the maximum number of offspring and their individual fitness. Rodents are an ideal taxon to study this topic because of their enormous interspecific variability in life strategies across the whole order. The variation in litter size among rodent species was influenced by countless ecological and social factors during their evolution. These include the geographical location of the breeding populations, various life and reproductive strategies such as r-/K-strategy, the presence of altricial or precocious offspring, various ways of life, the presence of water in the environment, predation rate, hibernation, and sociality. Litter size can be adjusted already before fertilization, for example by choosing a partner, by timing reproduction, condition, age and social status of the mother. Genetic factors affecting litter size are, for example, MHC glycoprotein polymorphism and t-haplotype. Reduction of the litter size may occur before insemination by influencing the ovulation rate, female reproductive hormone levels and exposure to the stressors, during implantation by selective abortion, and postpartum by infanticide, siblicide, and...
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Analýza morfologických změn spermií kanců a jejich vliv na plodnost prasnic
ŠTVERÁK, Martin
The aim of the work was to evaluate the quality of boar ejaculate in terms of sperm morphology and the influence on fertility of sows. The data came from 58 sperm collections from 8 boars of one line. The boars were housed in the semen collection centre under the same conditions and were in age from 11 to 21 months. In the ejaculate analysis, the evaluation of the pathologically changed sperms was performed by determining the frequency of the finding of individual morphological changes. To evaluate the effect of semen on the litter size, data from 123 successful inseminations and subsequent births were processed. The results showed that boars in most cases produced ejaculate with an average volume with a lower sperm concentration. The incidence of morphologically abnormal sperms was normal for almost all boars. The most common sperm abnormalities were immature sperms and defects of sperm flagella. It was confirmed that more piglets were born after using insemination doses made from sperm ejaculate with the higher sperm count. Furthermore, when using ejaculate with a morphologically abnormal sperm count below 15%, more piglets were born than when the sperm count was 1525%. In the case of immature sperms, a negative correlation with the number of born piglets has been proven.
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Analýza stáda a vlivů působících na reprodukční užitkovost prasnic
MUŽÍKOVÁ, Martina
The aim was selected in a commercial breeding (AGRO Vodňany a.s.) to analyze and evaluate herd reproductive performance of sows used for the production of piglets (final hybrids). The analysis was focused on the age structure of the sow, when the first and second litter was 28.8% on the 3rd to 5th litter 23.5% and the sixth and other litters of sows 47.7%.The annual renewal of the herd was culled 22.9% and 25.5% included sows for breeding.This breeding is used natural reproduction, where for the purposes of reproduction bred four boars lines of 48 (White paternity x Pietrain).The average gestation length breeding was 115.2 of days. In 2016, it was born an average of 13.8 piglet per litter, of which 11.5 piglet of live and been preserved was 10.2 piglet per litter.The length of the farrowing interval was 171,1 days and the onset of estrus after weaning piglets was an average of 4.9 days.Weaning is in monitored husbandry carried out between 28 to 31 day age of piglets.Part of this work was to evaluate zoohygiene also at stud and compared with the results of performance farms in the Czech Republic and recommendations for improving the results of husbandry evaluated. When comparing the results of selected indicators identified in Agro Vodňany a.s. with selected data published by the Czech Statistical Office for the South Bohemian Region and the Czech Republic in 2016, it was found that the number of piglets born per sow in the Czech Republic was 30.1 piglets. Piglets was born25.1 in South Bohemia and 24.3piglets was born per sow in Vodňany. The death of piglets from the number of births in the Czech Republic was 10.6% in the South Region accounted for 15.6% and in Vodňany it was 11.9%.The number of surviving piglets per sow in the Czech Republic was 26.9 piglets in South Bohemia have been preserved 21.3 piglet per sow and Vodnany during the reporting period have been preserved 21.4 piglets per sow.
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Vlivy působící na hmotnost jehňat ve 100 dnech u plemene texel
STRNAD, Ladislav
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the chosen influences which effects the weight of lambs in the age of 100 days of breed texel. The evalution was done from 2013 to 2016 and the basic data set is consisted of 1149 lambs. The observed effects were sex, litter size, month of birth, year of birth, mother's age, father's line, and mother's father line. There was found a statistically highly significant difference in the monitoring of sex influence in male lambs (34,69 kg). A statistically significant difference was found in singles (35,14 kg) when evaluating the influence of litter size. There was found a statistically significant differences between the lambs born in May (36,78 kg) and February (37,29 kg), according to the influence of the month of birth. There is also the influence of the year of birth, a statistically highly significant difference was found between 2016 and 2015. There wasn't found a statistically significant difference in the influence of the mother's age. The influence of the father's line proved a statistically highly significant differences in the TAXI line (36,81 kg) and TAYLOR (37,76 kg). The evaluating of the influence of the mother's father line didn´t show a statistically significant difference in the TRISK line (48,50 kg). There wasn´t found a statistically significant difference in interaction of mother's father line and litter size.
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Vlivy působící na hmotnost jehňat ve 100 dnech u plemene zwartbles
KVAPILOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to evaluate the effects of chosen factors (rams effect, litter size and age of the ewes) on the weight of lambs at the age of 100 days of the breed Zwartbles. The evaluation was performed in 2014 and 2015 on the farm in Hranice u Nových Hradů and 263 lambs were included into it in total. From the point of view of the litter size, single lambs achieved the highest average weight of 31.28 kg and the lowest average weight of 24.42 kg was achieved by the lambs of triplets. From the point of view of the age of the ewes, the lowest weight was achieved by the lambs from the seven-year-old ewes (23.07 kg) and from the two-year-old ewes (23.88 kg). The lambs from the three-year-old ewes and the six-year-old ewes achieved the highest average weight (28.14 kg and 29.66 kg). From the point of view of the ram effect, the lowest average weight was found in lambs of the line Zvon (24.05 kg) and the lambs of the line Ztepl achieved the highest average weight (27.22 kg). From the observed effects, it was found out that the litter size and age of the ewes had an effect on the weight of lambs at the age of 100 days, but effect of the ram wasn´t proven.
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STUDIUM VLIVŮ PŮSOBÍCÍCH V REPRODUKČNÍM PROCESU U PRASNIC SE ZVLÁŠTNÍM ZŘETELEM K PORODNÍMU OBDOBÍ
ZIMOLOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of the thesis was to reveal reserves for improving the piglets breeding and to reduce losses by death. The highest number of all (13.52 pcs) and live born (11.88 pcs) piglets were achieved in gilts embedded in more than 247 days of age. Gilts covered within 224 days of age showed the lowest average number of piglets born (13.13 pcs). Statistically, however, has not been demonstrated difference (p > 0.05) between age groups of gilts during the first recess in the number of piglets born. Effect of order of litter on litter size was found to be statistically highly significant (p < 0.01), especially between the first and third parturition. The highest number of born piglets was found on the third litter (14.95 pcs) and lowest in the first litter (13.3 pcs). Most live piglets born were at the second litter (14.03 pcs) and least live born piglets were found on the 5th and higher litter (11.57 pcs). Among the number of piglets born alive in the individual litters was also evaluated statistically highly significant difference (p < 0.01). In assessing the impact on the duration of labor litter size was found to be a higher number of piglets born at night on average by 0.33 piglet more, but the number of piglets born alive was found higher in childbirth during the day (childbirth with assist). During statistical evaluation was not demonstrabled difference between the number of all even in the case of piglets born alive in viewpoint of the time of birth. From the perspective of the impact of the length of the interval from weaning to sows on litter size was found to be a higher number of all (14.83 pcs) and live (12.79 pcs) piglets born of sows recessed for more than 6 days after weaning. From the viewpoint of the impact sequence of litter for childbirth was detected statistically detectable difference (p > 0.05). In each of the litters was observed an average of 75 % births through the day. When evaluating the number of live births, depending on the number of piglets, born piglets showed a statistically highly significant relationship (p < 0.01) with high tightness on dependence (R = 0.83). Between the number of all born piglets and born alive was found a direct correlation.
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