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Decomposition rate of plants matter in the soils of glacial lakes in Sumava
VANĚK, Daniel
Natural processes that cause differences in rates of decomposition and mineralisation of organic plants matter in soils of Sumava mountains' glacial lakes were studied using plant litter dominant in understorey of spruce forest in watershed of two lakes, Plesne and Certovo. The aim of this study is to determine the effect plant liter chemistry on decomposition and mineralisation rate. We hypothetize that chemistry of liter of understorey vegetation significantly affect N mineralisation / immobilisation in siols. During four month laboratory experiment were studied the effect of litter quality characteristics on C mineralization rates and N release. Spruce needles (Picea abies) and leaves of four dominant species (Avenella flexuosa, Calamagrostis villosa, Vaccinium myrthillus and Athyrium alpestre) of understorey vegetation were collected in autumn 2006. Litter was incubated at 0 and 10 °C. CO2 release was regularly measured each 14 days. Amounts of phenolics, available phosphorus, total and extractable C and N, release of NH4+ and NO3- were measured at the beginning, after one and four months of incubation.
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Acitivity of phenoloxidases and peroxidases in the litter of spruce forest in Plešné and Čertovo lake watersheds
APPLOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of the study was to determine the activity of phenoloxidases and peroxidases in three dominating litter samples (Vaccinium myrtillus, Calamagrostis villosa and Picea abies) from Plešné and Čertovo lake watersheds. High activity of lignin-degrading enzymes was detected in litter incubated at 0°C. Activity of enzymes was in general higher at 10°C but the difference was not significant compared to 0°C. In Plešné Lake watershed high amount of phenolic compounds negatively influenced the activity of enzymes compared to Čertovo Lake watershed, where the effect of phenolic compounds was opposite. The highest activities of the enzymes were found in the Calamagrostis villosa litter from Plešné Lake watershed and in the litter of spruce needles from Čertovo lake watershed.
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Functioning of Mountain Meadows under Different Management Impacts
MAŠKOVÁ, Zuzana
Influence of different management practices on the mountain meadows communities and possibilities of their maintenance in the National Park, Protected Landscape Area and Biosphere Reserve of Šumava are discussed. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of mulching of grassland vegetation with those of traditional mowing or leaving a grassland fallow. The results of a ten-year field experiment are presented - the changes of plant biomass, plant community structure and physical properties of the soil A horizon. Acceptable possibilities of mulching as an alternative technique for the maintenance of secondary grassland in the Bohemian Forest are proposed on the basis of data obtained during the experiment.
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