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Influence of potato seed coating with entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi on the yield and quality of potato tubers
SOBOLÍK, Martin
Quality seed plays an important role in potato cultivation. Only recognised and certified seed potatoes should be used for planting. The health of the seed potatoes is therefore an important parameter. In the bachelor thesis, the effect of seedling coated with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum and the mycoparasitic fungusTrichoderma virens on yield-forming parameters and the health status of the crop and subsequently harvested tubers was investigated. Both beneficial fungal species M. brunneum and T. virens had a positive effect on the growth and development of potato plant. In particular, the mycoparasitic fungus T. virens positively affected growth parameters in plants. Plants from seedlings coated with M. brunneum produced largerer and heavier tubers in compare to the control and T. virens variants. During the vegetation, the M. brunneum variant had statistically the lowest number of larvae and adults of the Leptinotarsa decemlineata. From the data, it was found that the highest actual yield was achieved with the T. virens variant and the theoretical yield with the M. brunneum variant. The BP results suggest that biological methods of plant protection by using of beneficial fungi for coating seeds can be used as an Potato Integrated Pest Management.
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Faktory indukce tvorby hlíz lilku bramboru (Solanum tuberosum L.) v in vitro podmínkách
Kůrková, Jana
This thesis deals with the factors responsible for induction of the formation of tuber potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in in vitro conditions. The aim was to observe cultivation of the nodal segments of stems on the induction medium with reduced content of inorganic nitrogen 12 umol, 80 g/l sucrose and the addition of 10 mg/l BA for the for-mation of tubers. The frequency of tuberisation was evaluated, as well as morfological changes, size and weight of the tubers. Three groups of explants were established diffe-ring in lenght of cultivation on the induction medium. These were monitored for chan-ges in the content of endogenous ABA in the nodal segments of stem and stolon. Moni-toring of the changes in content of endogenous cytokinin, nitrogen content, production of ethylene, ethane and CO2 was performed as well. Permanent microscopic preparations were prepared to detect transformation of the axillary bud into stolon, resp. tuber. Increased content of ABA during the tuber formation demonstrates its effect on tuberi-zation. Amongs cytokinins, the biggest effect of cytokinins on tuberization has BA, iP and iPR. Conversely, Z and ZR had no influence. Contents of ethylene, ethane,CO2 and nitrogen are related to the lenght of culturing on the induction medium.
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Vliv osmotického stresu na růst rostlin bramboru v in vitro podmínkách
Franek, Ondřej
Osmotic stress influences productivity and crop yield of plants significantly. This bachelor thesis is a literature review summarizing the acclimation of plants under osmotic stress and tolerance of plants to osmotic stress, observes issues of abscisic acid in the relation to osmotic stress and other markers as osmoprotectants and dehydrins. Screening experiment in vitro culture of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in agar stiffened media containing stressors as sodium chloride, sucrose and polyethylene glycol was carried. Plant growth parameters such as solids content and length of roots was observed. RIA method was used to determine the content of abscisic acid in plant leaves influenced by stressors.
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Morfogenetické změny v procesu tvorby hlíz lilku bramboru (Solanum tuberosum L.) v in vitro podmínkách
Kůrková, Jana
This work deals with the morphogenetic changes in the process of formation potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) in vitro conditions. The aim was to determine the optimal length of the cultivation the nodal segments of stems on the induction medium with reduced content of inorganic nitrogen 12 micromolar, 80 g/l sucrose and the addition 10 mg/l BA for the formation of tubers. And to confirm the assumption that reduced the amount of inorganic nitrogen in the medium generally leads to a significant induction of tuberization potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Morphological changes were observed during tuberization and recorded the frequency of tuberization. It was founded the four variants and the control variant was differing length cultivation on the induction medium. It was watched the changes in the content of endogenous ABA in the nodal segment of stem, leaf, stem and tuber during tuberization. It was found that a longer period cultivation on induction medium with a reduced content of inorganic nitrogen in the nitrate form leads to a higher and earlier tuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). By measuring the content of ABA, it was found that the content of ABA increases with the time during which explants are subjected to stress. Increased content of ABA at the time the tubers illustrates the effect of ABA on the induction of tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).
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