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Peculiarities of nursing care for a child under 6 years old with burns
KUČEROVÁ, Radka
Peculiarities of nursing care for a child under 6 years old with burns Current status This thesis deals with the peculiarities of nursing care for a child under 6 years old with burns. Children belong to one of the groups at risk of thermal injury. Treatment of burns is long and painful, because it involves surgical procedures, such as necrectomy, necrotomy and autotransplantation. After burns treatment scars are formed, which can harm a child physically and emotionally. Subsequent rehabilitation requires patience and consistency. The theoretical part is devoted to children burns. It deals with factors affecting the severity of the burn trauma. These factors include the mechanism of injury, location, extent, depth of injury and age of the individual. The work is further focused on the first aid for a burned area of a child and describes the necessary measures to safeguard children's condition. Treatment of burns is divided into conservative and surgical parts. Work aims and research questions To achieve the goals four research questions were created. Question 1: What are the peculiarities of nursing care for children with burns? Question 2: How a follow-up care with burns is done? Question 3: What are the main needs to be satisfied in terms of children with burns? Question 4: What are the problems in meeting higher needs of children with burns? Methodology of work In this work a research qualitative method was carried out, using semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Before undertaking the survey, the principal and head nurse were asked for permission to carry out the survey and they agreed. Interviews were conducted with six nurses who have experience with treating children with burns. The interviews were held separately with each nurse and were recorded in writing. For the purpose of the interview 29 key questions were made (see Appendix 3), and others were added during the interviews, depending on the answers of the nurses. Four nurses were observed at the intensive care unit department. Before the observation an observation sheet was compiled (see Appendix 6) and nurses were observed during their daily services. Results The research showed that the nursing care of children with burns has its own specifics. The selected nurses stated in the interviews that under nutrition having enough proteins and fluids is very important. Regarding the excretion the nurses indicated that when genitalia are burned, they introduce, as prescribed by a doctor, the permanent urinary catheter (hereinafter PUC). Other specifics has the pain treatment. All nurses reported that pain is checked regularly. Apart from analgesics they talked about alternative methods of pain treatment. Another area was sleeping. All nurses reported that they inquire sleep rituals from parents to put their children easier to sleep. Questions about the children needs, nurses had problems with accurate requirements listing. They were unable to identify needs. The results of the observation confirmed that nurses respect the principles of nursing care for a child with burns, as reported in the interviews. Nurses abided by aseptic approach and increased genital hygiene in terms of PUC Conclusion The survey revealed that nurses working at the burns clinic are fully qualified in the field of nursing care for burned children. Nurses know the specifics of nursing care, nutrition, excretion, hygiene, sleep and needs of children. They are aware that in terms of burns it is essential to follow aseptic approach, which means to use sterile disposable equipment and protective clothing. During the interviews with the nurses it was difficult to obtain information about the children needs and their satisfaction. From the interviews and observations emerged that nurses tried to satisfy the children needs as much as possible within the boun
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