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The effect of housing system on egg shell quality and egg internal quality
Vlčková, Jana ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Skřivanová, Eva (referee)
In the study 3 experiments were carried out. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate performance of laying hens, quality of air in poultry house, and microbial contamination of the eggshell in laying hens kept under blue, green, red, and yellow light colour in enriched cages. The laying performance characteristics (hen-day egg production, mortality, and egg weight) were not affected by light colour. Similarly, microbial contamination of the air was not significantly different related to the light colour. There were significant interactions in eggshell contamination between cage floor and light colour in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. The highest number of Escherichia coli was detected in eggs from hens housed in the middle floor given yellow light and the lowest values on the upper floor also under yellow light colour. Similar results were observed in Enterococcus. The results of our study indicate that the light colour has a minor effect on microbial contamination but the significant influence was in the floor position. The highest microbial egg contamination was found on eggs from the middle floor.
In the second experiment, the effect of housing system (conventional cage, litter, aviary) and feed calcium content (3,0 and 3,5%) on laying performance characteristics, technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell and egg content during storage was evaluated. The significant interaction between housing system and feed calcium content was found in egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell percentage, eggshell weight, Haugh units and albumen index. The housing system affected egg production, feed intake, egg weight and some characteristics of eggshell quality. From characteristics of eggshell quality the feed calcium content affected only eggshell strength and eggshell percentage. The significant interaction between housing system and storage time was found in contamination of eggshell by total number of microorganisms. The housing system affected also contamination of the eggshell where higher number of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms were in eggs from litter. Higher penetration of all monitored species of microorganisms on the eggshell membranes was 2nd and 7th day of storage in the group with 3.5% of calcium in the feed mixture in eggs from the litter. This could be associated with lower quality of eggshell in this type of housing.
In the experiment 3, the effect of different housing system (enriched cage, free range) on technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell, egg content and concentration of protein in albumen during storage was observed. The housing system affected all characteristics of eggshell quality with higher values in cage system. Higher number of pores in eggshell was found in free range. The important relationship between housing system and storage time was indicated in Haugh unit, albumen index, pH albumen and yolk index. The values for characteristics quality of albumen and yolk were better in eggs from cages. Their quality during storage decreased faster in alternative housing systems. There was detected interaction between housing system and storage time also in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and total number of microorganisms. The highest microbial contamination in fresh eggs was found in free range. The number of microorganisms with storage time significantly decreased faster in eggs from cage system. The penetration of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms in albumen was lower in eggs from cage compared to free range. The significant effect of housing system was found in concentration of lysozyme in albumen with higher values in egg from free range. It is obvious that a better quality of the eggs is in the cage housing system. The eggs from this type of housing also remain during storage for longer time in better quality compared with alternative housing systems.
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The effect of oviposition on egg quality at the beginning and end of the laying cycle
Greglová, Ellen ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
The egg quality is affected by many factors, among which various interactions may occur. The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess changes in the quality of eggs laid in the morning, midday, and in the evening at the beginning and the end of the laying cycle in six laying hybrids: Bovans Brown, Bovans Sperwer, Isa Sussex, Moravia Barred, Moravia BSL and Dekalb White, each individually housed in cages. The experiment was realized at the beginning of lay, between 19 and 26 weeks of age and at the end of lay betwen 64 and 70 weeks of age. During the experiment, were conected eggs at 6 a.m., 9 a.m., 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. and were recorded daily. In total, 300 eggs from each genotype and of each period were evaluated. At the beginning of the laying cycle, the interactions of oviposition time and genotype (P 0.03), were observed in the yolk weight (P 0.004) and the color of the yolk. The highest weight yolk had the eggs laid by white-egg hybrid Dekalb White early in the morning (13.79 g at 6 a.m.) and during the day the weight of yolk decreased. However, the yolk weight of brown-egg Bovan Brown hens increased until 9 a.m. and then decreased again. The darkest yolk was laid by genotype Bovans Brown at 12 p.m. (8.0 g), while the lightest yolk was laid by Dekalb White at 12 p. m. (3.00). At the end of the laying cycle, interactions of oviposition time and genotype (P 0.028) were observed in the albumen percentage. The highest values had hybrid Moravia BSL with eggs laid in 12 a.m., 5 p.m. 64.23 %, 63.33 %), and the lowest percentage had hens of Bovans Sperwer at 9 a.m. (58.19 %). Oviposition time significantly (P 0.003) affected only the strength of the shell. At the beginning of the laying cycle, we recorded higher strength at 9.00 a.m. (54.89 g.cm-2) compared to the eggs collected at 6 a.m. and later (41.39 a 24.58 g.cm-2). The genotype (P 0.005) affected most of the parameters of quality.
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Kvalitativní znaky vajec v průběhu skladování
Nerušilová, Kateřina
This thesis was dealing with monitoring chosen parameters of quality of hen and quail eggs during storage. The following qualitative parameters were monitored (the decrease of egg weight, the width of albumen, the height of albumen, the width of yolk, the height of yolk, the weight of yolk, the index of albumen, the index of yolk, the Haugh units and the color of yolk. Used were eggs of Hisex Brown layer in 32 wk of age and eggs of Pharaon Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Hen eggs were stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks. Quail eggs were stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 weeks. Both kinds of eggs were stored at temperature 6°C and relative humidity 75 %. The weight loss of hen eggs during the storage oscillated between 0.15 -- 2.96 % and of quail eggs between 0.28 -- 7.03 %. The index of albumen of hen eggs during the storage oscillated between 0.15 -- 2.96 % and of quail eggs between 13.26 -- 7.01 %. The Haugh units of hen eggs during the storage ranged between78.24 -- 66.16 and of quail eggs between 92.03 -- 76.97.
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Parametry užitkovosti u české slepice zlatě kropenaté
Anderle, Vojtěch
The aim of the diploma thesis was to compare performance of breed Czech Golden Spotted Hen originating from different breeders, which were housed both in MTD Ústrašice and in sub-optimal conditions in backyards. The aim was also to evaluate differences in egg quality (egg index, egg weight, weight, proportion and color of yolk, weight, proportion, color and strength of eggshell and Haugh units) among the breeders. Individual laying intensity was observed too. The last part of the thesis compares growing intensity in rearing period in Czech Golden Spotted Hen, Polish Green Feet Hen and hybrids Dominant in sub-optimal condition.
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