|
|
Aflatoxin M1 in milk depending on season
ROHRBACHEROVÁ, Tereza
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw cow's milk, depending on the season. In four terms of 2022, the determination of AFM1 in 172 bulk milk samples from 30 farms was carried out. The Charm MRL AFM1 test kit (Charm), which allows the quantitative determination of AFM1, was used. The highest proportion of samples in which AFM1 was detected was observed in the autumn (18.6 %), and the lowest in the summer (9.4 %). Only two samples had a value above the MRL of the European Union (i.e. 0.05 ug/kg). The average content of AFM1 in milk for the year 2022 was 0.0037 ug/l.
|
|
|
Vliv vybraných faktorů na mléčnou užitkovost ovcí na bázi plemene lacaune
Konečná, Leona
The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the chosen factors organic milk quality parameters and daily milk yield (DMY) in the flock of crossbreeds of Lacaune (LC) and East Friesian (EF) ewes from the first to fifth lactation. Experiment occurred during two lactation periods, in 2009 were included in experiment 90 ewes, and in 2010 88 ewes. Milk records and samplings were carried out five times during milking period during the months May (V), June (VI), July (VII), August (VIII) and September (IX). Milk samplings were carried out during the morning milking (6 a.m.). Individual milk samples were analyzed for: total solids (TS, in %), fat (F, in %), protein (P, in %), casein (C, in %), and lactose (L, in %). In addition the samples from chosen ewes (n = 48) were analyzed for: urea (U, in mg/100ml), pH, titratable acidity (TA, in degree SH), somatic cell count (SCC, in 103/ml), rennet clotting time (RCT, in s) and rennet curd quality (RCQ). In the study the effects of year (Y), lactation stage (LS), genotype (G), parity (PA), litter size (LIS) and age (A) of ewes on chosen parameters were evaluated, as well as their interactions with LS. Y had significant effect on all analyzed parameters except DMY. Y had significant effect on pH and SCC too. In 2009 the highest values of TS, F, P, C, L were found in comparison to 2010. In 2010 higher values U, pH, TA, SCC, RCT, RCQ were found in comparison to 2009. LS had significant effect on all analyzed parameters except SCC. The contents of TS, F, P, C and U increased in sheep milk toward the end of the lactation, the DMY logically decreased. At the end of lactation was found the highest value of lactose, the longest RCT and worse RCQ. G had significant effect on all analyzed basic components except P. The ewes of genotype LC 50 EF 50 had the highest DMY and the highest values of all analyzed basic components of milk. Significant effect of PA was observed on DMY, all basic components of milk and pH and TA. The highest DMY was achieved at the fourth lactation. The highest values of TS, F, P, C and L were found at the fourth lactation in all ewes and at the second lactation in the chosen group of ewes (n = 48). LIS had significant effect on all analyzed basic components except L in all ewes. In the Ewes giving birth to 2 lambs had higher DMY and the higher values of all basic components, SCC, the longest RCT and worse RCQ in comparison with ewes giving birth to 1 lamb. A had significant effect on all analyzed basic components and on pH and TA. The ewes in age 4 years had the highest DMY. The highest values of TS, F, P and C were found in age 6 years.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Stanovení kvalitativních parametrů dojeného mléka indikující zdravotní stav dojnic
PROKOP, Daniel
When only automatic systems are used for milking milk, it is essential to evaluate the quality of the milk, preferably in real-time, to maintain the high quality of the products and at the same time to detect health problems in the dairy cow in good time. By early detection of a dairy cow's health problem, which a change in milk quality can detect, it is also possible to reduce the cost of its treatment and eliminate financial losses du ring a period when we cannot monetize milk. To effectively evaluate the quality of milked milk, it is appropriate to monitor the following parameters: somatic cell count, conductivity, fat, protein, lactose, and urea content. The bachelor's thesis presents the levels of the quantities mentioned above, which indicate changes in the quality of milked milk, internal and external influences that affect them, as well as methods for their detection and evaluation
|
|
|
Složení kolostra a mléka ve vztahu k biochemickému profilu krve u koz
Korbélyiová, Lenka
The main topic of this thesis was to study changes of goat colostrum and milk during lactation and the context of their composition and biochemical parameters of goat blood. The literature review summarizes the basic information about goat milk, its production, factors which determine its quality and how nutrition affects the composition of goat's milk. The practical part of this work is devoted to the evaluation of the goat colostrum and milk composition and its comparison to the lactation phase and to the biochemical tests of the blood of these animals. For the purpose of this study, 15 white shorthair dairy goats were monitored for 30 days, colostrum and milk samples were collected nine times and blood was collected three times for biochemical profile evaluation. Fat, protein, lactose, fat free solids, somatic cell counts and electrical conductivity were determined in colostrum and milk samples. These results were compared and found similar with the values from other studies and a similar progress of lactation was observed. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between colostrum / milk parameters and the values of biochemical examination of goat blood were calculated. The results of interrelationships of blood biochemical parameters and colostrum / milk composition do not confirm the unequivocal relationship between biochemical blood parameters and colostrum / milk composition. Given the large number of factors that may affect both colostrum and milk composition and the concentration of biochemical parameters of blood plasma, further research focused on the relationship between these indicators in dairy goats would be appropriate.
|
|
|
Vliv doby skladování na mikrobiologickou jakost mléka
Hrabová, Eliška
The bachelor thesis deals with the effect of storage time on microbiological quality of milk. It focuses on milk as an universal food and analyzes its individual components in detail. The issue of hygiene during milk collecting, which affects shelf life, is described in more detail. Treatment of the milk after milking and storage conditions can affect the presence of undesirable microbiota in the milk. The storage time has an effect on the microbiological quality of the milk throughout the process. It also depends on the temperature during the storage process and on the initial level of microbial contamination of the milk. Microorganisms in milk cause undesirable chemical, sensory and technological changes. In order to prevent unwanted microorganisms from growing in the milk, good hygiene and production practices must be observed. In order to ensure health safety and to prolong the shelf life of milk the heating is used. It kills most of the vegetative forms of microorganisms.
|
|
|
Produkce a složení kozího mléka
Baďurová, Tamara
In my bachelor thesis, firstly I focused on the importance of goat breeding and reasons why we breed goats. In a few sentences I processed what diferences are between cow milk and goat milk in their quality and composition. The biggest part of my bachelor thesis include factors which influence quality of milk. Quality of milk is related to compositions of milk and milk yield. I focused especially on factors which influence content of fat, protein, lactose, mineral substances, vitamins, microorganisms, somatic cell and residues of the inhibitory substances. In the second part I focused on factors which influence milk yield of goats. Among these factors belongs lactation stage, order of lactation, time and rightness of milking, frequency of milking, pregnancy stage, number of born babies, weather, stress factors, udder size, body framework, live weight, nutrition, breeding method, hormones, breed, individuality, lokomotion, rut cycle, age and health condition. In conclusion in a few sentences I devised how and when take the control sample of goat milk, how to determine the milk yield and laboratory let to determine selected compositions of milk such as fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell and microorganisms.
|
|
|
Consumption of milk and dairy products in context with lactose and casein intolerance
PÍCHA, David
The focus of this bachelor thesis is the consumption of milk and dairy products in connection with lactose and casein intolerance. The theoretical part deals with the milk's structure, its creation process, division, different kinds of intolerance and health benefits. This thesis deals also with different kinds of dairy products. The practical part includes questionnaire concerning milk consumption and its following analysis. The main goal of this thesis is a seeking of how often, how even and if the questioned people drink milk and dairy products at all, how often, their preferences for dairy products and percentage of suffering from lactose and casein intolerance among the general population. An additional goal is creating a comprehensive work that can be used in the process of choosing a milk and offers enough information about the topic that is commonly discussed in media and on the Internet in general.
|
guest ::
