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Population biology of Dianthus carthusianorum in populations infested by anther-smut
Kasner, Marek ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dostálek, Tomáš (referee)
Anther-smuts (Microbotryum violaceum s. l.) are systemic plant pathogens sterilizing their hosts, thus decreasing its reproduction on the expense of own sporulation. The spores are, consequently, transmitted by pollinator vectors and deposited on healthy flowers. This thesis contributes novel, to date missing information about population-level impact of the pathogen that severely influences its host fitness by examining a relatively new model species Dianthus carthusianorum. Additionally, it considers the effect of pre-dispersal seed predators (caterpillars of Hadena moths). Deterministic matrix models were used for the quantification of the effects of both plant antagonists. Notably, the use of such type of models is rather unique in population biology of plant pathogens. The research was conducted in three localities in Střední Povltaví area in years 2018-2021 when the demographic data were collected, reflecting the whole plant life cycle. During the annual censuses we gathered not only the information about the vital rates of the plants (growth, reproduction, infections...) but also selected size characteristics of permanently marked plants were measured to explore possible changes induced by a systemic infection. The seed recruitment and seedling growth data were provided by seed-addition...
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Ecology of flower smuts (Microbotryum) and their hosts from family Caryophyllaceae
Koupilová, Klára ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Marková, Jaroslava (referee)
Anther-smut fungus (Microbotryum spp.) infecting plants of the Caryophyllaceae represents one of the most extensively studied plant pathogen systems. Anther-smut is a pollinator-borne disease that turns infected plants completely sterile. The aim of this thesis is to sum up the main findings about ecology and epidemiology of anther-smut disease and it mainly deals with various factors that influence disease spread and occurrence in nature. According to existing research, abiotic factors play minor role compared to biotic factors and interactions. Among the most pronounced, we can find variability in pathogen virulence and host resistance and also vector behaviour. When studying epidemiology of Microbotryum spp., it is necessary to take account of spatial population structure and metapopulation dynamics as well. Comparing life histories of different host species can also bring useful information. Key words: anther-smut, Microbotryum, Caryophyllaceae, pollinators, resistance, epidemiology, metapopulation dynamics.
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Ecology of the pathosystem of anther smut on Dianthus carthusianorum
Koupilová, Klára ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dostál, Petr (referee)
Anther smuts (Microbotryum violaceum s.l.) represent a well-known system for studying pathogens of wild plants and coevolution between pathogens and hosts. Infected plants produce sterile flowers with anthers filled with fungal spores which are transmitted to other host plants by pollinators. Data from existing research come mainly from the genus Silene. However, the applicability of these findings to other host plants of anther smuts is largely unknown. Therefore, this thesis focuses on a different host species - Dianthus carthusianorum. First, the pattern of disease was surveyed in natural populations of D. carthusianorum in a small area in Střední Povltaví. Most populations were infected to various degrees and only a few populations remained completely healthy. The prevalence of disease was positively correlated with size and density of host populations. On the other hand, environmental factors and the degree of connectedness had very little effect on disease prevalence. Second, additional data were collected from a subset of populations to determine plant resistance and densities of pollinators. Differences in resistance among populations (as inferred from flower inoculations) were not significant. Populations differed in densities of pollinators, but there was no correlation between densities...
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Ecology of flower smuts (Microbotryum) and their hosts from family Caryophyllaceae
Koupilová, Klára ; Koubek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Marková, Jaroslava (referee)
Anther-smut fungus (Microbotryum spp.) infecting plants of the Caryophyllaceae represents one of the most extensively studied plant pathogen systems. Anther-smut is a pollinator-borne disease that turns infected plants completely sterile. The aim of this thesis is to sum up the main findings about ecology and epidemiology of anther-smut disease and it mainly deals with various factors that influence disease spread and occurrence in nature. According to existing research, abiotic factors play minor role compared to biotic factors and interactions. Among the most pronounced, we can find variability in pathogen virulence and host resistance and also vector behaviour. When studying epidemiology of Microbotryum spp., it is necessary to take account of spatial population structure and metapopulation dynamics as well. Comparing life histories of different host species can also bring useful information. Key words: anther-smut, Microbotryum, Caryophyllaceae, pollinators, resistance, epidemiology, metapopulation dynamics.
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