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Optimalizace molekulárně-biologických metod pro detekci kontaminant v koření
Došková, Markéta
Contaminants are described in food generally, with narrower aim to spices in literary part of thesis. Bigger attention is dedicated to mycotoxins: secundary products of molds, basic survey, ways of assessment and legislation connected with their monito-ring. The main part of literary searches is focused on methods for microbial quality as-sessment of foods, then on description of classic and modern methods. Whereas samples of dried capsicum and pepper powders served as a samples for practical part, the end of theoretical part is devoted to individual steps for optimalization of new moleculary-biological method. The outputs of each steps are then parts of results and discussion, as well as other prospects and possible ways to future.
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Semiquantitative bacteriological examination of urine
VITANOVSKÁ, Alena
Urine is a liquid product of metabolism excreted through the kidneys. It refers to the overall health of the body. Urinary tract infections are the second most common disease in the population caused by various pathogens. E. coli is the most frequent pathogen. The increase in resistance of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics is related to the high incidence of persistent infections and their treatment. The main objectives of this thesis are to introduce the bacteriological examination of urinary tract infections and mastering the art semiquantitative bacteriological examination of urine and other processes leading to the diagnosis of urinary pathogens using in the Medical Microbiology Department of Klatovská nemocnice, a.s.. Then, based on the results taken from LIS OLM to evaluate the obtained results and to compare them with the literature. The first part deals with the definition of basic concepts that are associated with urinary tract infections, and its infections and occurring pathogens. The various phases of laboratory procedure are described. In particular, analytical part of laboratory procedure which deals with theoretical description of methods of laboratory diagnostics. The procedures of identification methods, which are used in the Medical Microbiology Department of Klatovská nemocnice, a.s. are described in the methodology. That means semiquantitative examination, microscopy, various biochemical tests for pathogens identification and process for the determination of sensitivity. The research results are evaluated using simple statistics in tables and graphs. In the year 2014 8623 urine samples were examined. 6267 samples came from hospital patients. The samples from hospital patients were for the statistical evaluation. From these samples 1260 were cases of E. coli, Enterococcus 829 cases and 297 cases of Proteus. For further statistical evaluation is carried out with E. coli which determine sensitivity to nitrofurantoin such were 1030. From that 819 women and 211 men. The highest incidence of this pathogen was among women in the age group over 61 years, it were the 542 patients. For men the capture also the highest over the age of 61 years, with 166 patients. The lowest detection of E. coli in both men and women was the lowest compared to other categories of age 7-17.
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