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Understanding of algebraic expressions by pupils of higher primary schools
Jelínek, Patrik ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the understanding of algebraic expressions by higher primary school pupils. The objective is twofold. First, to determine, based on the quantita- tive evaluation of research data, the most common mistakes pupils make under the headings of generalization, algebraization, interpretation, geometrization, & manipu- lation; and then second, to compare the introduction of algebraic expressions in different mathematics textbooks. Beyond this, a theory is also appended. Including several research results, literature review also delves into several activities effective in enhancing pupils' understanding of algebraic expressions, as well as an illustration of their typical errors associated to the aforementioned headings. The second part of the thesis then consists of the two-part textbook analysis: First, a qualitative analysis of authors' reasoning when validating modifications of algebraic expressions, and then a quantitative analysis of the algebraic tasks concerning the headings (i.e., the creation of a task overview). The third part of the paper finally evaluates the author's research. With the test sample of 207 pupils selected from the last years of compulsory education, two additional objectives were set out - first, to find out which tasks (according to said...
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Sametová revoluce v dnešním kurikulu základní školy
NEKOLOVÁ, Lucie
The subject of this thesis was the Velvet Revolution in the contemporary Czech primary school curriculum. I dealt with the analysis of textbooks of history and civics and their subsequent comparison in regard to their approach to the topic of the Velvet Revolution. In the theoretical part, I focused on the objective analysis of the Velvet Revolution and events that preceded the revolution as well as those that accompanied the emergence of a new democratic Czechoslovakia. Nor did I neglect to include the notable personalities of this period and oppositional activities connected with the Velvet Revolution. In the practical part I proceeded to carry out an analysis of textbooks. For each subject I chose textbooks from three publishers. First, I did a comprehensive analysis of the textbooks and then dealt with the Velvet Revolution. In history classes, students only study this subject in the 9th grade. Therefore, I exclusively analyzed these textbooks. History textbooks accord the topic a different number of pages as well as an unequal number of accompanying images. Also, information varies about the key figures associated with the Velvet Revolution. Civics textbooks do not contain a separate chapter dealing with this topic. I had to look at the textbooks for the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grade, and search for the information associated with the period. The information presented to students varies from grade to grade and by publisher. Finally, I carried out a comparison of the textbooks of civics and history.
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The comparison of physics textbooks for basic schools
BUMBA, Tomáš
The goal of the theses is to determine, which physics textbooks are being used at primary schools, compare these textbooks and analyse the conception and the way various topics are elaborated. Another purpose of the theses is to didactically analyse the theme unit Force in textbooks from various authors and to create a new textbook based on the results and knowledge gained during the comparison. The effectiveness of the elaborated textbook was tested in practice. The textbook is designed as a new, practical conception for the tuition of the theme unit Force and should serve as a practical tool, which is even meant to be used for some of the experiments. It is focused on the most realistic aspect of the topic and works with the pupil´s desire to discover and learn new things. The effectiveness was tested didactically in a primary school class and compared with the results of another class, which used usual textbooks and was taught with usual teaching methods. The response of the pupils on the various methods was also of high importance. The results of the testing can be found at the end of the work.
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