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Odchov násady kapra v intenzivní akvakultuře
KOLAŘÍK, Filip
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.) is a typical pond fish. However, intensive rearing systems aimed at rearing this fish can also be found in production aquaculture. Mainly for the rearing of two-year carp in winter. Such systems have been operated, for example, in Poland and Germany. In Poland, cage farms located on canals supplied with warmed water from the thermal power stations (Dolna Odra, Konin-Goslawice) were used. In Germany, due to the high losses on carp fry and two-year carp caused by cormorants during wintering, a similar rearing method was adopted. Breeding in flow-through systems (Schwarze pumpe, Jänschwalde) and recirculation systems (Neiden) were used. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to evaluate and compare intensive carp broodstock rearing abroad and semi-intensive carp broodstock rearing used in the Czech Republic. At the same time, the bachelor thesis included an experiment in a recirculation system in Blatná, focused on winter rearing of two-year carp in the first year of the breeding cycle. The experiment was carried out in the recirculation system of the company Blatenská ryba s.r.o. The experiment lasted for 227 days, from the 1st of October 2021 to the 16th of May 2022. The first phase lasted from the 1st of October 2021 to the 8th of February 2022 and was accompanied by low growth and the development of lordosis. At the beginning of the phase, 6 800 carp fry were stocked into a rearing tank with a volume of 9.5 m3. The average weight of the stocked fry was 11,54 g.pcs-1. At the end of the first phase, the carp reached a weight of 50 g.pcs-1. The second phase of the experiment was conducted from February 8th, 2022 to May 16th, 2022. The phase was focused on a feeding experiment. The carp were divided into three tanks of 1,575 pieces each. Each tank was fed a different type of feed. At the end of the experiment, the best results were achieved by the fish fed with the Aller aqua Classic+Master feed type. These fish achieved a weight of 210.57 g. pcs-1 during the rearing period. However, the feed AG SV was the best economically. The worst growth and economic results were achieved in the group fed with the Skretting carpe F feeding type. Losses over the experimental period were only a few tenths of a percent. However, the whole breeding was accompanied by problems with the occurrence of lordosis in the reared fish. The occurrence of lordosis was caused by the poor composition of the feed used in the first phase of the experiment. In particular, the lack of easily digestible phosphorus for the carp. The results show that by using winter rearing it is possible to shorten the normal rearing cycle by one to two years. Compared to semi-intensive pond rearing, minimal losses are achieved. However, more emphasis must be placed on fish nutrition and the quality of the stocked fry.
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