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Tick-borne encephalitis risk assessment based on classification of vegetation from remote sensing data
Červená, Lucie ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Tick-borne encephalitis risk assessment based on classification of vegetation from remote sensing data Abstract The main aim of this thesis has been to find out how to classify various categories of forest vegetation with a different risk of exposure to the tick-borne encephalitis based on the Landsat imagery. The legend used here is derived from the one used in the projects by Daniel, Kolář, Zeman (1995) and Daniel, Kolář, Beneš (1999) but has been reduced to only five classses with no overlaps in their definitions (I. coniferous stands, II. mixed stands, III. young deciduous stands and stand ecotones with a highly heterogeneous structure, IV. deciduous stands with a homogeneous structure, V. deciduous stands with a heterogeneous structure). The supervised classification with the Maximum Likelihood Classifier has been used on the Landsat imagery from various seasons. Difficulties concerned with the presence of clouds and varying Sun elevation across the imagery had to be adressed in the course of the work. The training sites and the control points have been defined by the field research and interpretation of the relevant orthophotomaps and Landsat imagery in 5-4-3 RGB composite. The mask of the forest has been created on the ZABAGED data basis. The time horizon of 2006 - 2010 has been the primary focus....
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Antiviral vaccination - tick borne encephalitis virus
Solarová, Pavlína ; Janštová, Vanda (referee) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor)
Tick borne encephalitis is by one of the most severe disease of central nervous system. Agent of this disease is tick-borne encephalitis virus, which is transmitted mainly by tick. Clinical picture of TBE is considerably different and varied in individuals - from quite infection without symptoms up to severe cerebro-spinal meningitis, in such cases attacked persons by this virus leave hospital with whole-life handicap. We can prevent this disease by inoculation. We can see it in the neighboring Austria, where TBE almost became extinct because 90% of population is vaccinated. Vaccines are commercially available from 1979. Nevertheless only 17% population is vaccinated against TBEV. The reason for it could be fact that insurance companies do not provide the vaccines as well as not very effective health education. One of possibilities how we can this tendency reverse would be higher awareness of pupils at schools. In school educational programs there is contained prevention of viral disease, especially in general biology, biology of viruses and education to health.
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Tick-borne encephalitis - life with the consequences
ŠTIBINGEROVÁ, Jana
This thesis charts the course of the tick-borne encephalitis since the beginning to the eventual consequences that the illness had left and that the patient must live with. Ixodes ricinus, tiny parasites carrying the disease called encephalitis, is no longer present only in the wild, but also in city parks or in our gardens. Every year, many cases of this disease occur across groups of all ages. It is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system caused by viruses. Disease is usually divided into two phases, where the first stage is similar to spring-summer influenza with different length of quiescent phase, in the second stage exacerbation occurs. At this stage, the patient is struggling with high temperatures, headaches, severe pain in muscles and joints, vomiting and disorders of consciousness. Correct diagnosis is specified after sampling of cerebrospinal fluid through a lumbar puncture. Patients with confirmed tick-borne encephalitis are hospitalized in isolation wards, not because of the spread of the disease, but for the experience of doctors. Here they are isolated in the rooms, which can have a detrimental effect on their psyche. Treatment follows after discharge from the hospital, and often takes several months. The aim of this study was to map the progression of the disease from its beginning, through time spent in a hospital bed, followed by home recovery up to the present. A very important part in the return-to-health process has the nurse, and therefore this paper tries to describe her role in treatment of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Given that there exists a specific prevention in form of vaccination, the next objective was to verify the vaccination on samples of the population in the Česke Budějovice and Gmünd, Austria, and to compare these two groups of respondents. The survey of the thesis was carried out from August 2015 to April 2016 using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data were collected through semi-standardized interviews with nine respondents, who were recruited through social networks with the help of gatekeepers. Quantitative data was collected via short survey distributed in Česke Budějovice and Gmünd, Austria. The results of the qualitative part were processed through coding and compiling of diagrams, from which the answers of individual respondents can be deducted. Evident is the whole course of the disease from the beginning up to the present. Data from the quantitative section were arranged into tables and then statistically evaluated. Based on the results, the frequency of vaccination of specific groups can be compared and therefore campaigns on health protection against tick-borne encephalitis can be targeted effectively.
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Potenciální antimikrobiální účinky vybraných přírodních látek
MAŠKOVÁ, Hana
This study was focused on potential antiviral and antibacterial effects of viniferin and some derivatives of adamantane. The most suitable concentration was determined using flow cytometer. The antiviral effect on tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in glioblastoma cells was determined. Virus concentration was determined using plaque assay. The antibacterial effect was detected by the incubation of bacterial strains with suitable concentration of selected natural substances. The rate of bacterial growth was determined using absorbance measurement at 600 nm and plating on agar plates.
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Value of the Antibodies Testing in the Diagnostics of Tick Borne Encephalitis
CHADTOVÁ, Marie
The Diagnostic Value of the Antibody Level Testing in Tick Born Encephalitis. This bachelor thesis is focused on the antibody testing and its diagnostic value in Tick Born Encephalitis.Data for this thesis were obtained at the laboratory of Virology, Dpt. of Medical Microbiology of the Cenral Laboratories, Hospital České Budějovice. The data were collected between January 1st and December 31st 2014. The thesis is divided in two parts: the theoretical and the experimental part. The theoretical part covers the history of the disease, its geographic distribution and the ways of the transmission of the virus. The disease was first described by Austrian physician Hans Schneider in 1931 as a periodically occuring disease. He called it "Epidemische acute Meningitis serosa". The virus was first described as the cause of the disease in Russia in 1937. In Czechoslovakia, the virus was described in 1947 in Prague by virologists František Galia and Josef Rampas. The first succesful virus isolation in Czechoslovakia was from Beroun district, the next successful isolation was in Vyškov district made by Dr. Krejčí. The virus was later isolated in other European countries as well. The hypothesis, that the virus is transmitted by ticks, was proved by Dr. Rampas and Dr. Galia by the isolation of the virus directly from the ticks Ixodes ricinus, collected in the Beroun district. The transmission of the virus by alimentary route was first described in 1951 near east Slovakian town Rožňava. The virus was transmitted by drinking nonpasteurized sheep milk. The laboratory infection is possible, when laboratory staff works with the viable virus. The Tick Borne Encephalitis virus is part of the genus Flavivirus , family Flaviviridae. It is an enveloped virus with cubic symetry. Virus particles are round shaped, with diameter 5060 nm. The central part is nucleus, containing viral RNA, enveloped by protein capsid and lipoprotein envelope. Lipoprotein envelope is double lined and contains important antigens - glycoprotein E and menbrane protein M. Tick Borne Encephalitis is transmitted by ticks. The incidance is therefore closely connected to the activity of the ticks in nature. The activity of the ticks depends on the season, temperature, humidity and altitude. The presence of people in focal point is also essential. Tick Borne Encephalitis is an infection with the natural focal point. Its natural reservoir are mainly small rodents and other wild animals. Human activity in nature can lead to the transmission of the disese to humans. Human are a blind end of the transmission chain, no interhuman transmisson was described. The virus penetrates the organism via the tick bite. The virus penetrates to the skin from salivary glands of the tick through the small wound. The primary multiplication starts there. The virus is later spread by lymphatic system to the blood stream. This corresponds with the first phase of the infection. The second phase of the infection is accompanied by secondary viremia, the virus multiplies in various tissues and spreads into the central nervous system. The incubation period before the beginning of the first phase is 714 days. The first phase may proceed under the clinical picture of mild, flu- like virosis with the increased temperature, muscle pain and fatigue. This period lasts 1 to 2 days, maximum 6 days. After the first phase there is a period of approximately one week without any signs of the disease. After this period the second phase may occur, with sthe signs of meningitis, menigoencephalitis or myelitis. The treatment is symptomatic. To diminish the symptoms of the disease, analgetics, antipyretics , anticonvulsives and sometimes antiedematic treatment is indicated. The epidemiological mesures are based on education and vaccination. The vaccine is available since the eigties of the last century. Laboratory diagnostic may use direct or indirect detection of the virus. The methods of direct detect
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Infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods
NOVÁKOVÁ, Petra
This thesis deals with infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods in the Czech Republic in period of 2002 - 2011. Meeting the objectives and answer the research questions, I managed using secondary analysis of reported cases infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods in the information system for reporting and recording of infectious diseases - EPIDAT and literature review and subsequent analysis of scientific articles. Important additional informations were provided by State Veterinary Institute in Prague and the National Reference Laboratory for arboviruses in Ostrava. Thesis does not deal with number of single values, but it is focused on epidemiological severity of analyzed cases, severity of clinical course and risk of introducing infection in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part of the thesis describes selected arboviruses infections. Tick-borne encephalitis is one of the most important diseases transmitted by arthropods in our surroundings. Number of reported cases of tick-borne encephalitis was quite constant in monitored period 2002 - 2011, according to my research and statistical verification. Highest morbidity was in 2006. The same year the highest incidence of disease Tick-borne encephalitic was reported in region of Vysočina. This number is far closer to number of reported cases in region of South Bohemia which was the most affected region thought the entire period. Prevention exists against tick-borne encephalitis. It is vaccination which is recommended for people staying in natural foci of infection in the Czech Republic and abroad. In the Czech republic becomes more important West Nile fever. Increased incidence of this disease is recorded in the USA, but also in many European countries (eg Greece, Hungary, Italy) in recent years. One of the goals of this thesis is to characterize the surveillance of West Nile fever in the Czech republic. Monitoring antibody titer against West Nile virus in the serum of horses is one of the basic elements of surveillance of this disease in our country. 5 samples of the blood serum was increased titers of antibodies to West Nile virus. Various geographic distribution of horses and high specific antibody titers indicate increasing activity of West Nile virus. Clinical disease of horses not being recorded in the Czech republic. In the field of human medicine have been reported three imported cases of West Nile fever. Other arboviruses infections, that appeared in our country, is dengue disease and viral disease Chikungunya. In the monitored period there were a total of 98 reported cases of imported disease. Most cases were imported from India. Three cases of Chikungunya disease were reported in 2006 in connection with a stay on the island of Mauritius, where was the epidemic at this time. People can travel freely and there is the risk of importing diseases from the tropics and subtropics. Some infections transmitted by arthropods are in areas where it was previously absent recently. Prevention is essential. Specific and non-specific prevention. Another important element of prevention is strict adherence to methods for surveillance of disease.Viral infections transmitted by arthropods are among the most important emergent infectious diseases. In addition to malaria, malnutrition and helminth infection are the largest public health problem, not only in third world countries.
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Presence of tick-borne encephalitis in Pribram district with its level of awareness and general attitude to vaccination against it in selected populations
KUCHAŘOVÁ, Eliška
Central European tick-borne encephalitis is a disease belonging to the group of zoonosis, which is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. It is an acute neuroinfection caused by the RNA virus that can seriously endanger people?s lives. Tick-borne encephalitis is one of the diseases typical for its natural pocket. The most common way of transmission onto a human being is by the bite of an infected tick. However, there have been cases where the contagion took place by consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products. Although it is a disease which can be easily prevented, vaccination is still very low in our country. If we do not press people to improve this situation, we can expect frequency of tick-borne encephalities will be increased.
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