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Mineral nutrients dynamics of hemiparasite Viscum album L. and its host Tilia cordata Mill
Nikitina, Tatiana
The presence of hemiparasitic plants can potentially harm urban trees, which are valuable resources due to their aesthetic and environmental functions. Therefore, this study examines the nutrient dynamics of European mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. album) and its host tree small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) during the vegetation season. The concentration of all macronutrients was higher in mistletoe compared to the host tree, except for calcium. Deficiencies in phosphorus and potassium were observed in Tilia leaves during the vegetation season. The concentration of soluble non-structural carbohydrates in Tilia leaves was significantly higher than that of Viscum. Leaf spectral reflectance showed differing outcomes for the two species, with Tilia displaying a quicker senescence rate than Viscum's current-year leaves and slower and prolonged development of current-year Viscum leaves. The study emphasizes the accumulation of macronutrients by mistletoe at the expense of hot tree resources.
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Zhodnocení výskytu a růstu jmelí bílého (Viscum album) na vybrané lokalitě
Halfar, Jan
European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) is an evergreen semi-parasitic plant, with a wide host range of both deciduous and coniferous trees. As a native species, this plant is widespread throughout Europe. The first part of this paper is aimed as a literature review, which includes a description of European mistletoe, a general description of its occurrence and its effect on host woody plants. The second part focuses on a survey of a selected area between the villages of Bělá and Chuchelná (Opava district), where the degree of infestation of individual trees, the species of infested trees and their age are assessed. At the same time, the number of mistletoe plants, their distribution in the crown, and in the oldest mistletoe specimens their age and haustorium length were determined at three sites in the forest area belonging to the Lesy města Brno a.s. In this work it was found that mistletoe occurred mainly on Scots pine at site 1, but was also found on silver fir and small-leaved linden. At site 1, mistletoe began to invade pine after the age of 30. Mistletoe in young stands grew mainly on trees with the greatest high growth and in the upper part of the crown. On the basis of these results, I recommend to concentrate the management of mistletoe-infested forest stands on tree age above 30 years during planned thinning and to actively remove infested individuals from the stand. Changing the species composition of forest stands in favour of mistletoe-resistant species is also one of the ways to prevent the spread of mistletoe in threatened areas. At site 2, the age of the largest mistletoe shrubs ranged from 9 to 18 years. The longest measured haustorium was 18 cm in length and was measured on mistletoe at 17 years of age. From the measurement results, a relationship between mistletoe age and haustorium length was found. Knowing the haustorium length is important in the context of tree protection when performing branch pruning. Therefore, based on the results of this work, I recommend removing infested branches at a minimum distance of 30 cm from the mistletoe shrub, especially for older mistletoes.
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Návrh systému ochrany listnatých dřevin proti jmelí Viscum album v parku Čechy pod Kosířem
Bábek, Jan
The white mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. album) currently belongs to semi-parasites causing great problems in many locations in the Czech Republic. Its spreading is more intense and the attack of trees becomes a problem not only in the open landscape but also in the public greenery of towns, villages and parks and gardens. This work is aimed at mapping infested tree species in the chateau park in Čechy pod Kosířem, determining the sensitivity of individual taxon to attack and suggesting suitable ways of suppressing white mistletoe in the locality and establishing methodological interventions. The mechanical and chemical methods of mistletoe removal have been tested; methods have been proposed for progressing against mistletoe. Tilia and Acer are the most vulnerable species. The results determined that gentle removal of mistletoe by cutting and choosing dormancy for this intervention is a good way to suppress white mistletoe in the park. The chemical removal method is still in the research phase but the results so far show its usability and efficacy with respect to the appropriate application time. Both of these methods are suitable for the Control and prevention of mistletoe Viscum album on the broadleaved trees in the chateau park in Čechy pod Kosířem.
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Problematika imela (Viscum L.) z pohľadu záhradnej a krajinnej architektúry
Baltazár, Tivadar
Mistletoe infection was investigated in the castle park of Lednice on approximately 10 000 woody trees. There are 6034 potential host individuals of 62 taxa, from which already 1692 individual is infected (28%). The most common hosts (Acer campestre, A. platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus, Crataegus monogyna and species in his circle, C. pedicellata, Juglans nigra, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata a T. platyphyllos) were studied for basic (analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, analysis of contingency table and regression analysis) and advanced (logistic regression, log-linear analysis and spatial analysis) statistical modelling with nine local factors (tree height, diameter at breast height, crown projection area, crown volume, tree age, development stage, physiological and biomechanical aspect of vitality and location of individuals). The examined local factors, from which the most important are the age and vitality of trees, have statistically significant effects to mistletoe distribution. The aim of our study was also testing the control methods against mistletoe using mechanical removal and herbicide treatment. Based on our studies it can be conclude that none of these control methods were effective enough. The partial regeneration of mistletoe shrubs was observed no later than the second year after the application. Besides, herbicide treatments have negative effects to the host.
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