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Ensuring appropriate security and safety of mothers and newborns at the department of post-natal care
ŠTĚPÁNOVÁ, Martina
The bachelor degree thesis called ? Meeting the need of security and safety of mothers and newborns at the postnatal ward " is divided into theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical part describes nursing care of newborns in order to meet the needs of security and safety of newborns and their mothers (identification of newborns, rooming-in, breast-feeding, comfort, safe handling and hygienic care). The objective No. 1 in the empirical part was to map the tasks of midwives / pediatric nurses in meeting the needs of security and safety of mothers and newborns. The formulated hypothesis was: Midwives / pediatric nurses are involved in meeting the needs of security and safety of mothers and newborns. The quantitative research used the method of inquiring with a questionnaire technique. The surveyed group consisted of 60 midwives / pediatric nurses working at neonatology wards. The objective No. 2 was to map how the meeting of the needs of security and safety of newborns is perceived by mothers at the postnatal ward. The formulated research question was: How do the mothers perceive the meeting of the needs of security and safety at the postnatal ward? The qualitative research used the method of inquiring with a technique of in-depth interview. The surveyed group consisted of 5 mothers hospitalized at the postnatal ward and their children hospitalized in the station of physiological newborns in the Hospital in České Budějovice. The objective No. 3 was to map how the mothers observe measures aimed at security and safety (rules of safe handling of newborns in general). The research question was formulated as follows: How the mothers observe measures aimed at meeting the needs of security and safety (rules of safe handling of newborns in general)? Also this part of research was qualitative, using the method of observation and a record sheet technique. The surveyed group was the same as in the previous case. All the objectives have been met. Based on the submitted results the hypothesis No. 1 has been confirmed. Midwives / pediatric nurses are involved in meeting the needs of security and safety. The research question No. 1 has been answered. The mothers ranked the meeting of the needs of security and safety positively, in 4 cases out of 5. The research question No. 2 has been answered as well. The mothers seek to observe the measures aimed at meeting the needs of security and safety, however, the weakest point is still the handling of newborns. Therefore an educational brochure has been developed for the mothers. The results of the research will be communicated to midwives / pediatric nurses working in the station of physiological newborns at the neonatology ward in the Hospital in České Budějovice. The bachelor degree thesis may serve as a source of information for future students of midwifery.
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Somnipathy in children
MAŘÍKOVÁ, Linda
This dissertation deals with night insomnia in children. With the growing number of complaints of parents about insomnia in particular in infants and toddlers, this problem becomes very topical and frequently discussed not only among parents themselves but also among the medical workers involved in the child care. No unambiguous cause of why some children sleep well and other children do not has been yet proven. However, experts dealing with these problems present an opinion in the literature that the main cause lies in the incorrect approach of parents to creating sleep habits in their children. They supplement their opinion by a set of recommendations how to avoid or possibly solve the problems by applying the appropriate approach. Our dissertation thus aims at ascertaining how parents' approach affects creating of incorrect sleep habits in infants and toddlers. The other objective consisted in subsequent drawing up of the nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan by means of which the nurses could independently solve the problems related to insomnia in children. A qualitative research based on the contingent valuation method has been carried out. The methods of data collection included the structured interview performed with two small sets of mothers of children. The first set comprised mothers of children with no sleep problems and the second set was composed of mother of children suffering from sleep problems. The prepared questions related in particular to children's sleep habits. Both sets were compared and the data were also subject to the Fisher's exact test. Although it was not possible to prove that inappropriate approach of parents to creating sleep habits in children is the unambiguous cause of the children's sleep problems, we believe that such inappropriate approach is a related factor. This assumption is supported also by the result of the other part of the research, a non-structured interview. This interview from which casuistry was subsequently created was performed by one of the mothers whose child had suffered from sleep problems. The said mother was willing to try to implement the recommended measures and she subsequently described to us how her son's sleep problems attenuated significantly. On the basis of our hypothesis that creation of correct sleep habits might help children suffering from insomnia, despite the fact that no direct relation between the sleep habits of children and their sleep problems has been proven, as the output of this dissertation we have drawn up the above mentioned nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan which could help the nurses independently solve the children's sleep problems. We also believe that it would be appropriate to carry out research in the future dealing with direct evaluation of success or failure of the recommended measures in solving insomnia in infants and toddlers.
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Psychosocial support of children around the surgery planned operations
BLÁHOVÁ, Ilona
The study is focused on sufficient psychosocial support for children before and after planned surgical operations. This area of nursing has been still underestimated although medicine and nursing has been developing very fast in the Czech Republic. The importance of this support is often forgotten even if the contact between a child and his mother [parent] in such a difficult situation can definitely bring many positives. Unfortunately, children indicated for an operation are separated from their parents just at the hospital receptions or entering the operating room. The following preoperative preparation usually miss any psychological aspects and satisfactory explanation to children. They are often frightened and cry so it becomes very difficult for a nurse anesthetist to calm them down. Therefore the premedication and anesthetics have to be much stronger. Furthermore the psychic burden and total discomfort can cause many complications during the operation itself or in the postoperative care. The aims of this work was to find out if parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation and postoperative care of their children, map out anaesthetist opinions on the fact that parents can accompany their children up to the operating room and compare advantages and disadvantages of it. In addition I tried to compare the occurrence of postoperative complications with children they have psychosocial support of their parents and those who are unaccompanied. This work was also focused on international comparison of the level and range of psychosocial care of children surgical patients among the Czech Republic, Hungary and Austria. All aims stated at the beginning were fulfilled. Within quantitative research five hypotheses were stated: 1/ Parents are interested in active attendance in preoperative preparation of their children indicated for operations. 2/ Parents are interested in taking part in postoperative care of their children. 3/ Anaesthetist nurses prefer children accompanied by their parents to the operating room. 4/ There are much less operative and postoperative complications if children are supported by their parents. 5/ Other countries (Austria, Hungary) encourage parents to accompany their children for operations much more than it is in the Czech Republic. Two research questions focused on the comparison of the level and range of psychosocial support of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad were defined for qualitative data analysis. 1/ Are there big differences in psychosocial care of children surgical patients in the Czech Republic and abroad (Austria, Hungary)? 2/ Are there good conditions for solid psychosocial care of children patients in the Czech Republic?
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