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Odrůstaní výsadeb jedle bělokoré (Abies alba Mill.) pod mladými březovými porosty na severní Moravě
Dolenský, Šimon
The aim of this thesis is to rate the growth of firs in various vegetation situations, while using a preparatory birch one. Two research areas representing two different locations in northern Moravia were chosen, with options as follows: TVP Březiny (LT 3H5) embankment cuts in birch forests, clearcut, with intervention, without intervention; TVP Hlubočec (LT 4S3) - with intervention, embankment cuts in birch forests. Firs were planted in autumn 2015. The height of their above-ground part, the growth of new branches, root neck thickness, tree crown area and vitality were measured in 2018 and 2019. The best growth was shown in the firs using the option of embankment cuts in birch forests. On the other side, the worst growth was shown in the firs using the option of a control non-intervention variant. Both negative and positive aspects of each variant were assessed in this thesis.
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Bříza bělokorá jako přípravná dřevina při zalesňování kalamitních holin jedlí bělokorou: vliv na podmínky prostředí a vybrané ekofyziologické parametry jedle
Štefková, Veronika
This thesis compare various uses of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) as a preparatory species during afforestation by silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). In this experiment, silver fir was planted at fall of 2015 and measurements were conducted in the vegetation season 2016. There were four variants of experiment with respect to the silver birch: clearcut, birch stand with 50 % stocking density, narrow embankment cut and birch stand with a full stocking density. Air temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure deficit, soil moisture and transmittance of photosynthetically active radiation were measured from the environmental variables. On plants, the growth increment, chlorophyll fluorescence, shoot water potential and needle mas per area were studied. Preparatory forest stand eliminated extreme temperatures, both positive and negative. Maximum temperatures were by 7 °C lower under the forest canopy than on clearcut. Spring frost was eliminated by 2.2 °C which was enough to protect fresh shoots from freezing. On the other hand soil moisture under the birch was by 23 till 47 % lower than at the clearcut. Tallest growth increment of 12 cm was at the clearcut, shortest of 7 cm under the birch without thinning. Needle mass per area corresponded to light availability and it was highest at clearcut and lowest under the birch. Chlorophyll fluorescence in dark did not suggest any differences between treatments (Fv/Fm was higher than 0.80) and therefore differences in growth can be accounted to the light availability. Data suggest that for the silver fir saplings is best to grow under severely thinned silver birch canopy with low stocking density which allows for enough light and soil moisture but still protects saplings against inclement weatherFormula clause:I declare that I am working, "Birch as a preparatory tree species in reforestation calamity clearings silver fir: the impact of environmental conditions and selected ecophysiological parameters fir" worked independently and all used sources and information mention in the list of references. I agree that my work has been published in accordance with § 47 b of the Act no. 111/1998 Coll., On universities, as amended and in accordance with directives on the publication of university theses. I am aware that my work covered by Act no. 121/2000 Coll., The Copyright Act, and the Mendel University in Brno has the right to conclude a license agreement and use this work as school work pursuant to Section 60 paragraph. 1 of the Copyright Act. I also agree that, before drawing up licensing agreements on the use of a work by another person (the subject), I request a written opinion by the university that the subject license agreement is not contrary to the legitimate interests of the university and undertake to pay any contribution to the costs associated with the creation of the work, and up to the full amount
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Natural regeneration of Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the National nature reserve Salajka
Holík, Jan
This study addressed the development of natural regeneration of tree species over the period 2009-2016 in a temperate fir-beech old-growth forest left to a spontaneous development since 1930s. The research site was located in the strictly protected National Nature Reserve Salajka, lying in the Western Carpathians mountain range. Ungulate game browsing, establishment and mortality of natural regeneration as the main drivers of species coexistence were studied, using two alternative sampling methods, permanent network of 98 inventory plots regularly positioned across the whole forest reserve and transect with 54 transect plots. Beech was found to secure gradually absolute dominance over other tree species in natural regeneration. The growth of fir, maple and spruce was hindered by browsing since the individuals rarely exceeded the height of 0.5 m. Further, the resource concentration effect was found in fir as browsing was more intense under high conspecific densities. Establishment and mortality of fir and beech differed, suggesting the species-specific life-history strategies. The results demonstrated the importance of regular and inextensive establishment of fir and huge but relatively less frequent establishment of beech. Mortality overweighed establishment in both species, though fir ratio tended to be almost balanced. The height of natural regeneration was revealed to be the only good predictor of mortality. Browsing, establishment and mortality of natural regeneration comprise an important part of forest regeneration processes and their role should be acknowledged by both forest and nature conservation management.
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Distribution of Heterobasidion and Armillaria root rots in Vallombrosa fir forest, Italy
Dálya, László Benedek
This work intends to describe the present condition of Vallombrosa forest (Tuscany, Italy) from the phytopathological point of view. The chronic disease caused by Heterobasidion and Armillaria root rots is a key factor affecting the vitality of silver fir plantations of the region. Detailed knowledge about their distribution could help to control the pathogens. Systematic sampling and survey of damages on trees were undertaken at 52 points. Identification of different species from soil and fungal samples was accomplished by DNA-based methods (TSCP, nested PCR, RFLPs analysis). The high presence of both parasitic fungi was detected under a wide range of ecological conditions. Data analysis indicates the strong spreading potential of the pathogens even into new habitats, especially in connection with water stress of their hosts.
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Silver fir growth depending on altitude and slope exposition in National park Krkonoše
Zapadlo, Jan ; Kupka, Ivo (advisor) ; Baláš, Martin (referee)
This Master thesis deals with a dynamic of planting development of silver fir (Abies Alba Mill.) depending on an altitude and exposure in the mountain conditions of the western part of the Krkonose (Giant Mountain) National Park. Further it examines the influence of a tree age, average temperature and precipitation amounts on such a development.
Annual silver fir height increments have been compared on the four selected sites which differ from each other, in particular, by their altitude but other characteristics have been considered as well. Analyses proved that there were significant statistical differences between an average height increments on these sites. Through the methods of correlation and regression analyses impacts of other factors on the said differences along with the intensity of such impacts have been identified. In addition to the altitude a factor of an average temperature, precipitation amount during a given period and a tree age have been determined. Whilst examining the dependency of fir development using more factors simultaneously a linear regression model of dependency between the fir height increments and joint effects of the aforementioned factors has been created.
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Vývoj a struktura přirozeného zmlazení v NPR Razula
Mikulenčák, Josef
The National Nature Reserve Razula is a heritage of a fir-beech forest primeval character with an admixture of European spruce and sycamore maple, typical for the area of the Western Carpathians. This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the structure and dynamics of natural regeneration. The analysis was conducted on circular investment area, regularly situated in a square net over the entire area of the reservation. Work focuses the presence of natural regeneration of silver fir because of long term decline of its representation in the forests. Although fir is the most naturally regenerative tree species in the reservation, the individual growth rarely reaches the height of 0.5 m. The main factor is the damage by wild animals. The damage reaches nearly 60 % of individual trees higher than 0.15 m. Today there is a strong representation of beech, which thanks to its amount of natural regeneration at these habitats and ability to compensate for grazing.
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Dynamika přirozené obnovy dřevin v západních Karpatech se zaměřením na jedli bělokorou
Holík, Ján
This bachelor thesis addresses the developmental dynamics of natural regeneration in uneven-aged fir-beech forest in the Western Carpathians. The primary attention was paid to silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). One of the crucial reasons for writing this thesis was an attempt to contribute to the knowledge about long-term proportion decrease of silver fir with simultaneous increasing dominance of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) during the 20th century. Structure and species composition changes of natural regeneration were investigated within the measurement period 2009--2013. Research data was acquired with two inventory methods - the circular inventory plots and the line transect. Silver fir does not almost exceed a height of 0,5 m despite sufficient quantities of natural regeneration of initial stages. The damage caused by game is regarded as the most limiting factor. Natural regeneration is dominated by beech above a height of 0,15 m. The low rate of browsing does not prevent it from further development. The growth and the regeneration dynamics of trees is species-dependent, nevertheless, there is a decreasing tendency of natural regeneration quantities of all tree species up to 0,15 m in height since 2010.
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