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Possibilities of reprocessing of the glycol and glycerol waste into suitable materials
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. Then, here are the proposed new procedures for processing waste glycerol and glycol, which were conducted in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange properties of the cation exchangers and also properties of salts generated by neutralization of NaOH in the waste glycerol with organic acids and CO2. There is also described wood protection, properties of ethylene glycol as coolant and properties of boroglycerols and boroglycols as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Then there is described a mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured and then was measured the amount of NaOH in the waste glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol. There is also discussed technological applicability of the methods used in practice.
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High performance capillary electrophoresis separation of low molecular weight compounds in biological and enviromental samples
Oanh, Doan Thi Kieu
This dissertation thesis deals with the separation of small ions in biological and environmental samples using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Electrodialysis (ED) was used for rapid pretreatment of inorganic cations in biological samples that contain large amounts of high molecular weight compounds that can be adsorbed on the capillary wall. In mikroED system the volume of sample needed was as low as 1 mikroL per analytical run. Using the developed system, the analysis of a single drop of whole blood was possible. Open tubular (OT) ion exchange precolumns were for the first time used for in-line sample clean-up and direct injection of biological samples into CZE. The in-line sample pretreatment method was demonstrated on determination of small inorganic cations in blood serum and blood plasma samples. Electromembrane extraction (EME) and CZE-C4D was applied to rapid and sensitive determination of perchlorate in various samples of drinking water and environmental samples.
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Possibilities of reprocessing of the glycol and glycerol waste into suitable materials
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. Then, here are the proposed new procedures for processing waste glycerol and glycol, which were conducted in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange properties of the cation exchangers and also properties of salts generated by neutralization of NaOH in the waste glycerol with organic acids and CO2. There is also described wood protection, properties of ethylene glycol as coolant and properties of boroglycerols and boroglycols as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Then there is described a mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured and then was measured the amount of NaOH in the waste glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol. There is also discussed technological applicability of the methods used in practice.
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Possibilities of reprocessing of glycerol layer from the manufacture of bionaphta
Hýža, Bohumil ; Bednařík, Karel (referee) ; Kizlink, Juraj (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to introduce and apply the possibilities of using waste glycerol from biodiesel production and partly waste low-stiffen coolant from cars that could be applied in industry. At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange mechanism, ion exchange resin properties and the properties of the acids and salts generated by neutralization with NaOH contained in the waste glycerol. Also is described herein the wood protection and properties of ethylene glycol coolants and properties of boroglycerol and boroglycol as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Next is described the mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured, then was measured the exact amount of NaOH in the glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol.
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