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Rozšíření jmelí bílého (Viscum album L.) na dřevinách v Podzámecké zahradě v Kroměříži
Vládek, Aleš
The bachelor's thesis discusses the bionomics, distribution, spectrum of hosts and methods of defense against Viscum album L., which has recently spread expansively, has many hosts on which it has an adverse effect. Therefore, in the winters of 2021/2022 and 2022/2023, the incidence of mistletoe on woody plants was evaluated in the Chateau Garden in Kroměříž with the aim of evaluating the intensity of the attack, verifying the spectrum of hosts and proposing a suitable method of treating woody plants. 1,993 trees and 779 shrubs were assessed in the selected part of the Chateau Garden. The genera Tilia, Robinia, Acer and Juglans were the most attacked. New host species have also been confirmed. The detected occurrence was not fatal for the Chateau Garden. Tree treatment was divided according to urgency with the number of trees and treatment methods.
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Denní a noční aktivita hlaváče černoústého a vranky obecné
POLÍVKA, Zdeněk
This Bachelor thesis is about comparison of the day and night activity of the round goby and the European bullhead under controlled conditions with shelter and positive stimuli (food) provided. 15 European bullheads and 15 round gobies were observed for this experiment - in three separated artificial systems with a simulated water flow. Each system consisted of storage tank, pumps and experimental channel. In the experimental channel (length 2 m, width 0.15 m, water depth max. 0.1 m) was possible to change the water flow up to 40 l per second and was equipped with a barrier to prevent fish to escape. The light regime was set for 12 hours of day light and 12 hours of dark. That was similar to natural ambient light regime in natural conditions during experimental work (from 22.5. to 8.6.2019). Fish were observed for 28 hours and obtained video-recordings were analysed by program EthoVision?XT and visually. Activity and spatial preferences of above-mentioned species were monitored. In accordance to our results we can conclude that there are not big differences between studied species. The main differences were stress induced behavioural fluctuations after deployment, reflected by different activity and environmental preferences. During the stress period, the round goby was more active than the European bullhead and spent a longer time in the escape zone. The next difference occurred with the stress after putting fish into the tanks. There was seen steady decline of activity in the round goby and the step-like decline of activity in the European bullhead after acclimatization period. Our results also confirmed preferences of the round goby rather for slow running water areas while in the European bullhead the opposite pattern i.e. prefer faster running water. Round Goby was more active outside of the shelter during the light acclimatization. Round goby moved more frequently with only slight decreases between light and dark acclimatization compared to European bullhead. There was not big difference in the food acquisition, which reflects that both species are able to cope with high water velocities exceeding 0.7 m. s-1. Our results also evidently provided information that fish need for behavioural stabilization relatively long acclimatization period.
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The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Grirard, 1852) and his burrowing ability
PŘECH, Jiří
In Europe, interactions with non-indigenous crayfish species (NICS) pose a great threat to those indigenous crayfish species (ICS). Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is a typical example of an invasive species that threatens European ICS and has superior ability to construct burrows. This paper contains a review on red swamp crayfish with emphasis on its ability to construct burrows. Also a laboratory experiment evaluating the effects of presence/absence of claws on the burrowing ability in this species had been performed.
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Exotic species of herpetofauna in Europe and their impacts on native species
VOREL, Michal
The aim of this study was to carry out a research about the invasions of alien species of herpetofauna and their impacts, to present contemporary state of the studies of alien species in Europe, to analyze success of the invasions in terms of their taxonomic groups, to analyze the impacts of successful inavasions, to evaluate the results and suggest the project of appropriate precausions. Database Web of Science, Zoological Records and web browser Google Scholar were used as sources for searching scientific papers. These were the key words: "alien, reptiles/reptilia; alien, amphibians/ambhibia, invasive". The scientific studies which mentioned introduction of alien reptiles and amphibians to Europe were chosen from database. Population which was viable and reproduced repeatedly was considered as the stable population. Eight species from order salamanders, 20 frogs, eight turtles, 23 lizards and 11 snakes were introduced into geografic part of Europe. The most of the introduced species of alien herpetofauna belonged into families: Ranidae, Lacertidae and Emydidae. The most common pathways for introduction of alien species of herpetofauna were: pet trade, intentional release and cargo stowaway. In the future, the restriction of breeding certain problematic species (ban of import Lithobates catesbeianus and Trachemys scripta scripta into the Europe), more thorough controls of cargo transportation and especially information campaign in schools and media could be solution to the issue of introduction of alien species.
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