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Bloodstream infection in patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in of General University Hospital in Prague
BAUER, Kristýna
Blood stream infection is one of the serious life-threatening conditions of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic. This is the penetration of microorganisms into the bloodstream, which is accompanied by symptoms of a general infection. The most common consequence is the development of sepsis. The aim of the laboratory examination is to obtain a reliable blood culture result. Such a result can only be achieved if all procedures are followed, from the indication by the doctor to the process of sampling by the medical staff into the bottles directly intended for this purpose. Taking blood cultures confirms or excludes the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. Blood cultures are the gold standard for diagnosing bloodstream infections. A detection culture is used for hemocultivation of the BacT/Alert 3D system, which is based on the colorimetric detection of CO2 produced by growing microorganisms in blood cultures.
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Septic states
Danielová, Edita ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Background: Septic states are serious conditions that endanger the patient's life. To prevent the patient's death, this condition must be diagnosed in time and appropriate treatment initiated. The aim of this work is to gather findings related to clinical and laboratory signs and diagnosis of sepsis, including recommended procedures, therapy and prevention of sepsis. Main findings: Septic states may have very different laboratory and clinical signs and criteria for the diagnosis are not yet clearly defined. Bacteria are one of the most common causes of septic states; sepsis requires immediate treatment. Bloodstream infections can be diagnosed in many ways, the basis is blood cultivation, but molecular methods have also been developed recently. Conclusions: Informations were found on the issue of septic states and their clinical and laboratory signs, diagnosis and the most common causes, diagnosis of bloodstream infections and recommended procedures in therapy and prevention. The research was mainly focused on laboratory signs of septic states and microbiological diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Keywords: sepsis, bloodstream infections, hemoculture
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The basic microbiological examination of blood cultures in the automated blood culture system
ŽÁKOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis is focused on examination of blood cultures in automatic blood culture system. In the theoretical part, it deals mainly with general terms of the presence of bacteria in the blood and the development of sepsis, as well as with the description of the most frequent infectious agents in blood cultures in different groups of patients and also with different types from the oldest to newest blood culture systems. Manual systems are described, such as Septi-Chek and Oxoid Signal System, and automated BACTEC and Bact / Alert systems that work on different principles. Also discussed is the subsequent processing of samples to identify microbial agents and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics. The aim was to acquire practical processing of blood cultures in automatic BACTEC hemocultivation system. The methodical part is devoted to the preparation and processing of samples for hemoculture, the subsequent procedure of inoculation on the cultivation soil and the preparation of a microscopic preparation stained by Gram. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the statistical processing of data provided at the microbiological department of the Nemocnice Písek, a.s. The statistical survey was carried out in order to determine the microbial spectrum in blood cultures and the percentage of positivity to the total number of collected blood cultures in 2014-2018. A total of 9136 blood cultures from 3027 patients were examined during the study period. Of the total number, 1663 were positive, i.e. 18 %. 82 % of blood cultures were negative, did not show growth of microorganisms. The microbial spectrum is very wide, with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella species.
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The basic microbiological examination of blood cultures in the automated blood culture system
ŽÁKOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis is focused on examination of blood cultures in automatic blood culture system. In the theoretical part, it deals mainly with general terms of the presence of bacteria in the blood and the development of sepsis, as well with the description of the most frequent infectious agents in blood cultures in different groups of patients and also with different types from the oldest to newest blood culture systems. Manual systems are described, such as Septi-Chek and Oxoid Signal System, and automated BACTEC and Bact / Alert systems that work on different principles. The subsequent processing of samples is also discussed to identify microbial agents and determine their susceptibility to antibiotics. The aim was to acquire practical processing of blood cultures in automatic BACTEC hemocultivation system. The methodical part is devoted to the preparation and processing of samples for hemoculture, the subsequent procedure of inoculation on the cultivation soil and the preparation of a microscopic preparation stained by Gram. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the statistical processing of data provided at the microbiological department of the Nemocnice Písek, a.s. The statistical survey was carried out in order to determine the microbial spectrum in blood cultures and the percentage of positivity to the total number of collected blood cultures in 2014-2018. A total of 9838 blood cultures were examined during the study period. Of the total number, 2338 were positive. That is 24%. 76% of blood cultures were negative, did not show growth of microorganisms. The microbial spectrum is very wide, the most common infection agents are Staphylococcus plasmakoagulasa negative, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella species.
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Bacteriological examination of blood cultures
MAJEROVÁ, Natálie
The aim of this bachelor thesis is the introduction of possibilities of hemoculture examination, assuming the methodology of evolving the manual and automated hemocultures in tha Stafila laboratories and at the Department of Bacteriology in the Hospital of České Budějovice. Then it deals with the comparison of those two systems and learning the basic interpretation of results. In the theoretical part I focus on blood circulation infections, sepsis and its diagnostics and nozocomial infections.The last part delas with the most frequent bacterial causers of blood circulation infections. The practical part focuses on the approach of hemoculture process, firstly on the preanalytic part which includes the sample collection and its transport. Secondly there is the analytic part where cultivation bottles are described as well as the basic methods for bacteria certification such as making the microscopic sample and bacteria cultivation. The next part delas with the determination of a bacteria kind and its antibiotics sensitivity.In the last part there are results of cultivation of the followed up file from the both methods. Positive findig occuresd in 15% of taken hemocultures.
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Investigation of blood cultures
ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, Radka
Bloodstream infections are among the most serious pathologies with often severe or even fatal course, and therefore the microbiological testing blood cultures is very important. Bloodstream infections caused by various microorganisms - bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungal agents. Each of them in the organism induces a different response and clinical course. The aim of this work was to ascertain the possibility of investigating bloodstream infections, appropriate the technique of treatment of blood cultures in the laboratory of bacteriology in České Budějovice Hospital, Inc. and based on the results determine the percentage of positivity for the months of September and October 2012 and which agents and with what frequency was from the positive blood cultures catched. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of basic concepts that are associated with bloodstream infections and their complications. I also explore the possibilities of investigation in other laboratory branches - biochemistry and hematology which are also very important for the diagnostics of this infections and their importance is especially in speed of obtaining results. The main examination is the clinical microbiology one where culturing agents that cause these diseases, the rapid identification and determination of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents leads to accelerated and targeted therapy. The last section of the theoretical part I dedicated to individual agents that can cause bloodstream infections. The practical part describes the procedure by which blood cultures were processed. At first, I describe the pre-analytical sample testing, which is very important. Here is included the sampling and sample transport to the laboratory. Medical personnel, which take the sampling, should be duly lessoned how to act during the sampling to avoid contamination of the sample, so the patient was not been needlessly prescribed antibiotics. The actual analysis of the examination were performed in blood cultures system the Bact/ALERT 3D bioMerieux, whose principle is based on the colorimetric detection of CO2, arising from the growth of bacteria. If the unit is assessed positively, blood cultures bottle was further processed - inoculated on solid media and microscopic specimen was taken. The research results are displayed using simple statistics in graphs and a chart. From the assignment of the percentage of positivity, that are depicted in the graphs, the result for the months of September and October of 2012 is 17%. Another objective was to determine the isolated agent. These results are in a chart where I put the number of their representation and their relative frequency. The most common were isolated: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results, which I reached in this work, are similar to the results in the international literature. The occurrence of Escherichia coli and coagulase-negative staphylococci is presented in the frequency of incidence of agents isolated from the blood cultures in the first place. During the isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci should be considered their incidence as a possible contamination of the skin flora in case of the taking of blood cultures. During the practical part of the thesis I was closer acquaint with the operation of bacteriological laboratories and methods of its work including techniques of blood cultures processing. These activities are the necessary part of diagnostics of infectious diseases and treatment of the patient.
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Monitoring Nosocomial Infections in the District Hospital
VOJÍKOVÁ, Lucie
The Diploma thesis provides basic information about the incidence of nosocomial infections, especially about the process of spreading infections, their subdivision according various aspects, major means of nosocomial infections, and about methods of surveillance. Investigative part of the thesis is aimed to describe the incidence of nosocomial infection, which can be used as quality indicator of hospital care, including the spectrum of the most frequent etiological microbial agents and their resistance against antibiotic treatment. There were used mixed research methods to process the investigative part of the thesis because the methods were quantitative and qualitative. The analysis of the data represents main part of the thesis. The research was carried out in the district hospital, namely in The Hospital Strakonice, a.s.. There were monitored infections at operation sites, between Jan 1, 2011 and Dec 31, 2011 at the surgical and gynaecology units. There were also monitored infections of the blood stream between Jan 1, 2009 and Dec 31, 2011 at all departments. The research group was formed by inpatients staying in The Hospital Strakonice, a.s., who were after surgical procedure or those, who were catheterized central blood stream in defined time period.
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