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Analysis of hygiene knowledge level as for 1st up to 3rd class pupils in Primary School Hradská Humpolec
PRŮŠOVÁ, Ivana
My thesis deals with hygienic knowledge monitoring of pupils at the age of 6 up to 10 years attending Hradská Elementary School in Humpolec. Further it is focused on pupil´s education related to the significance of observing hygienic rules and potential consequences which can result in case of their breach. In the end, after carrying out the education, I evaluated the pupils´ knowledge of the problems in question. The initial part of my thesis gives information about hygiene history, basic hygienic habits, selected infectious diseases of child age, these infections epidemiologic characteristic, diagnostics, clinical knowledge, precautionary measures and vaccination problems. This part was elaborated by using method of secondary data analysis. The quantitative research and lecture on the theme "Precaution of infectious disease with practising the right method of washing hands? were carried out in the second part of my thesis. The data acquired via two questionnaire inquiries are evaluated statistically by means of graphs. The acquired results are under discussion in the third part of my thesis. The pupils have basic knowledge of body care; they know which hygienic habits they should observe. Unfortunately they do not always do it. The necessity of hygienic rules observance is not preferred by children because they do not realize their importance. Children should improve their dental hygiene and method of washing hands. Observing hygiene is important in infectious diseases precaution and indisputably also because of everybody's feeling fine. In my opinion the education has an influence on improving the knowledge level in the field of hygienic habits and therefore its implementation makes sense. My thesis can be used as information material for work in the given field. Its results can be used to increase the children's knowledge level in personal hygiene.
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Urinary Bladder Evacuaton by means of CIC (clean intermittent catheterization)
MATOUŠOVÁ, Martina
Urinary Bladder Evacuaton by means of CIC (clean intermittent catheterization). This Thesis deals with application of intermittent catheterization in treatment practice. This techique is used both, for clients with neurogenic disorder and clients with non {--} neurogenic disorder of urination. The Thesis was aimed at examination to what extent clients of a urodynamics advisory service are informed about the technique of urinary bladder drainage, whether the clients are able to perform urinary bladder drainage by means of the CIC technique themselves in normal living conditions, how clients using CIC are limited in normal home activities and to compare occurrense of urinary tract infections between clients with CIC and those with pernament catheter. A quantitative research survey method was applied to obtain the data for the Thesis. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire designed for clients of the urodynamics advisory service of the Hospital České Budějovice a.s. 100 questionnaires were distributed from January to March 2009. The return was 87 %. 87 questionnaires were returned, 5 of which had to be rejected for incomplete data. 82 complete filled in questionnaires (100 %) were used for the data processing. Four hypotheses were set. Hypothesis 1, clients are informed on the CIC technique, has been confirmed. Hypothesis 2, clients using CIC technique to drain their bladders have problems with urine evacuation in normal lives, has not been confirmed. Hypothesis 3, clients using the CIC technique are not limited in normal home activities has been confirmed. Hypothesis 4, clients with CIC have lower occurence of urinary tract infections than clients with permanent catheters has been confirmed. The research results will be provided to the Urology Department of Hospital České Budějovice a.s. to improve the care of clients using the CIC technique.
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Sophistication of population about origin of infection in tattoo and piercing saloons
RICHTROVÁ, Daniela
Tattoos and piercing are part of the mankind since time began. It is by no means a matter of new fashion. Until recently, tattoos and piercing was attributed to a fringe group of the population. Today, this body art is influenced by the fashion industry and music. However, during the application of tattoos and piercing, infection or blood-borne diseases can be transmitted. It is an activity in which the integrity of human skin is damaged. Therefore, in my diploma paper I deal with the issue of informedness about the risks of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. The main objective was to find out about the level of informedness of students at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia (ZSF JU) about the presence of infection and the possible risk of its transmission at tattoo and piercing parlours. A secondary objective was to compare the level of knowledge of people with tattoos or body piercing and those without them. In this paper, the experience of ZSF JU students with tattoo and piercing parlours and the knowledge about blood-borne diseases were described. This diploma paper used a quantitative research, through the form of an anonymous questionnaire. The group of respondents consisted of students at ZSF JU. The paper presented three hypotheses and the research results bring the following evident conclusions: H1: The population is not sufficiently informed about the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours. This hypothesis was refuted. H2: The informedness of the risk of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours is higher for people with tattoos or body piercing than for people without them. It was found out that the informedness of the risk of infection in both groups did not differ statistically. H3: People, when choosing a tattoo or piercing parlour, are rather interested in the price than in the quality. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The knowledge obtained can serve as an informative material for the prevention of infection at tattoo and piercing parlours.
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Possibilities pregnancy after transplantation of the heart
CHVOJKOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis deals with the possibilities of pregnancy of women in fertile age after the heart transplant. The aim was to find out, whether there are women after the heart transplant in the Czech Republic, who got pregnant, delivered a baby, or are trying to get pregnant, or are interested in pregnancy, at least. The qualitative research utilizes a survey method, which was aimed at physicians, who are looking after patients after the heart transplant. Furthermore a non standardized interview was held with the physician of the Outpatient{\crq}s department for the Transplants at IKEM and with her patient, who is currently trying to get pregnant. Personal documents of the patient trying to get pregnant were used, in order to make the research more specific. It is apparent from the results that there is a small group of women after heart transplant in fertile age. Thus, for ascertaining the result, the foreign literature was used, which describes already successful pregnancies after the heart transplants in such women. Pregnancy risks must be divided into risks for a mother and for a fetus. The pregnant woman after the heart transplant is most endangered by hypertension and further to that there is a danger of implant rejection, infection, as well as premature delivery. The fetus is most endangered by infection and premature delivery. A majority of newborns are delivered with a low delivery weight. The abortion rate is relatively low compared to a number of successful deliveries. In the event that a woman desires to get pregnant, she is always informed of the risks associated with the pregnancy after transplant. The risks, which endanger a mother and a fetus, can be decreased to a minimum through a well monitored pregnancy. The thesis can be used for increasing awareness of women, who want to get pregnant after heart transplant.
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Characterizacion and occurrence of methicilin resistant bacillary species Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from blood of patients of CZ and European hospitals.
VOBROVÁ, Renata
The thesis called The Characteristics and the Occurence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) from the Blood of Patients of Hospitals in the CR and Europe is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the practical part the methodology at detection and identification of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is specified in detail {--} exact procedures and principles of particular methods. Further there are the graphically and statistically processed data on MRSA capture in 2007, 2008 (The regions of České Budějovice and Český Krumlov). By the help of these data I was supposed to prove or disprove the stated hypotheses. Hypothesis no. 1: The capture of increased occurence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the course of period of time (2007-2008). The hypothesis was unambiguously disproved. Hypothesis no. 2: The connection of bloodstream infections caused by MRSA to the cannulation of patients. The hypothesis was proved. Hypothesis no. 3: The increased occurence of bloodstream infections caused by MRSA in connection to the higher number of infections caused by MRSA generally (with higher capture of MRSA generally). It is not possible to say if the hypothesis was proved or disproved. In case of the total number the hypothesis was proved. In case of age groups it was not proved. The main objective was to tip the risky departments, risky age groups and so on. I referred to the situation in chosen European states. I achieved the objective thanks to the graphical processing of the gained data.
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Microsporidial infections of exotic birds.
KAŠIČKOVÁ, Denisa
The prevalence of microsporidial infection among different species of exotic birds was screened using molecular methods. Moreover, the course of microsporidial spores excretion by naturally infected budgerigars was monitored during 30 days long period and subsequently, the site of the infection in tissues of these budgerigars was attempted to be located using histology, electron microscopy and molecular methods.
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Risks and Protection of Nurses Working in Acute Care Department
HRAZDÍROVÁ, Radka
Abstract Risks and Protection of Nurses Working in Acute Care Departments Nurses working in acute care departments face enhanced risks of injuries, accidents, infections and stress. A burden consists in providing acute care to clients who are undergoing the checkup and have hardly any anamneses. Nurses are exposed to work stress, stress resulted from human relationships, overloading and shift work. Occupational stress increases risks of injuries, accidents and infections. Nurses are supposed to observe the health and safety rules as they are presented in work safety trainings, in regulations and standards. All nurses should know them, use protective working means and protect themselves from injuries and accidents. Any injuries and accidents must be reported which bring both advantages and disadvantages. We have surveyed an intensive care unit of the cardiosurgical department, a department of anaesthetics and resuscitation and operating theatres. We asked six respondents in our qualitative research. There were five aims stated. 1. To find out how much the nurses are informed about work safety rules. 2. To find out if there is any relation between nurse´s age and her awareness of risks in acute care departments. 3. To find out if they protect themselves affectively from injuries and accidents. 4. To find out how stress affects nurses´ work in risky departments. 5. To find out if they apply the methods given in work safety rules in case they are injured or infected. The aims have been fulfilled. The analysis of non-standardised interviews resulted into four hypotheses. 1. Nurses are most affected by risk awareness at productive age. 2. Nurses use gloves and mouth protections as the only personal protective working means. 3. Long-term work stress causes psychosomatic illnesses in nurses. 4. Overanxious and lengthy procedure in case of work injury makes nurses to keep the fact in secret. The findings have proved the fact that nurses know the work safety rules. They use ptotective working means marginally. Nurses at productive age and nurse/mothers of small children are aware of the risks. Work stress does not affect their job performance but it definitely leads to injuries and accidents. The procedure in case of work injuries is viewed as lengthy and that is the reason why they do not often follow it.
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Prevention of urinary tract infection at the standard ward.
HOLZÄPFELOVÁ, Soňa
With its 30-40% share, urinary tract infections rank among the most frequent nosocomial infections. For patients catheterized for several days the probability of urinary tract infection is high. In most cases the infection may be prevented by reduction of excessively long catheterization of urinary bladder and by consistent observation of aseptic and antiseptic principles at all departments of the healthcare facility. For this reasons the theoretical part summarizes the current findings about urinary tract infections. In the research I have used a qualitative and quantitative investigation method. The qualitative part of the investigation used inquiring and observation by means of a nursing audit, in conformity with a developed standard ``Catheterization of urinary bladder``. In the survey we focused on catheterization of female patients. The quantitative part of the investigation consisted of questionnaires concerning catheterization of male patients. The purpose of the survey was to find out whether the nurses are informed about and whether they observe measures preventing infections of urinary tract during catheterization. The question formulated for the qualitative survey was: 1) Do the nurses observe the aseptic procedure during catheterization of urinary bladder? For the purposes of quantitative survey we proposed the following hypothesis: The nurses are familiar with measures preventing infection of urinary tract during introduction of urinary catheters. Observations of nurses during the audit have shown that all the surveyed nurses (8) during catheterization of urinary bladder observed the principles of asepsis and barrier nursing. Based on those results we confirmed the hypothesis that he nurses observe the aseptic procedure during catheterization of urinary bladder. The results from questionnaires have shown that out of 39 nurses (100%) at least one measure or principle of barrier nursing was known to 33 nurses (84.6%). The most frequent response provided by the nurses (28.7%) was the use of protective sterile aides. The results have confirmed the hypothesis: The nurses are familiar with measures preventing infection of urinary tract during introduction of urinary catheters. The results of the survey have been offered to the deputy director in charge of nursing in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. as a source of information for continual improvement of nursing care quality.
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Nosocomial Infections in an In-Patient Department
Kopecký, Jindřich Bc. ; Střítecký, Rudolf (advisor) ; Lešetický, Ondřej (referee)
Nozokomiální infekce jsou v současné době významnou příčinou vzrůstající morbidity a mortality ve všech zdravotnických zařízení. Neznalost či ignorance metod prevence nozokomiálních nákaz může vést k závažnému ohrožení zdraví a života pacienta a výraznému zvýšení nákladů na léčbu. Práce komplexně představuje problematiku nozokomiálních nákaz a jejich efektů na lůžkové zdravotnické zařízení. Pozornost je věnována charakteristice procesu šíření nákaz, popsání současného stavu ve sledování a prevenci nákaz a konečně popsání situace v jedné nemocnici okresního typu.
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