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Progress and transmission of contagious diseases during floods and the population protection
ZÁMEČNÍKOVÁ, Klára
The introduction contains a description of floods and possible risks that can be caused by floods. The danger lies in the fact that with the large natural floods occur more and more often. One of the main dangers is the fact that people can underestimate possible risks, which the floods bring. Inhabitants of affected areas are in the risk of increased incidence of infectious diseases transmitted by water or food, which could turn into a local epidemic. This part of inhabitants is more sensitive to infections due to the decreased immunity of organism caused by stress, worsened hygienic conditions, chilling of the body, close contact of greater number of people, etc. The consequences of the floods can further cause various health risks from drowning, injury caused by the objects being carried on water, water and soil contamination by oil products, physical exhaustion, to psychosomatic illnesses. The aim of the thesis was to find out which infectious illnesses are being spread and analyse the prevention of their origination. A part of the aim was fulfilled in the theoretical part which describes the most common illnesses which occur the most. In the practical part the aim of the thesis is fulfilled by prevention of origination of infectious illnesses.
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Survey of vaccination coverage and vaccination discipline in compulsory vaccination
MAXOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this survey is also to determine vaccination coverage in compulsory vaccination of kids in the first years of life, compliance of vaccine dose timing with vaccination schedule and reasons why some children were not vaccinated. Another goal is to analyse the reasons for some kids in the first years of life being vaccinated late and whether some kids in groups most at risk are vaccinated against tuberculosis. We used a quantitative research method in the form of a cross-sectional study comprised of data collection and analysis. Our research sample consisted of children born in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in České Budějovice district. The reason why we have chosen this particular group of children is that (if applicable vaccination schedule had been adhered to) they were supposed to be fully vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, haemophilus influenzae b, Hepatitis B virus, poliomyelitis (DTPHibHB). This group of 831 children (427 boys and 404 girls) have been chosen by random sampling from practising paediatricians. These selected physicians provided us with data about all children born in above mentioned years. The results showed that overall vaccination coverage for Infanrix Hexa vaccine (four doses) is 98.2% and 97.26% for Priorix vaccine (two doses). Vaccination coverage for tuberculosis in the years 2009 and 2010 was 90.05%. In the first years of life, up to 88.1% of newborns were vaccinated against tuberculosis ? at least, according to vaccination schedule (and applicable Order). In the first year of life, 99.9% of children have been given three doses of Infanrix Hexa vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae b invasive disease and Hepatitis B virus. In the first eighteen months of life, 97.4% of children in analysed sample were given fourth dose of said vaccine. 68.6% of children were given the first dose of Priorix-Tetra vaccine in the first fifteen months of life. In the following six to ten months, 75.4% of children were given the second dose. Further analysis revealed that in 40.5% of analysed records some vaccine dose timings were not met. The most common reason for vaccination delay was the state of health of the child. Two instances of vaccination delay were also caused by the omissions of parents. In 2010, indication for vaccination against tuberculosis was recorded for one newborn. In 2011, for four children from the analysed sample vaccination against tuberculosis was recommended. In all cases, vaccination against tuberculosis has been carried out in calmetisation centre. Taking into account my study and its results I can safely assume that the goals of my diploma thesis have been met and the hypotheses set forth have been confirmed by the research.
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The Importance of Public Health Protection and Veterinary Services Cooperation in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases
RICHTROVÁ, Daniela
The word infection is a term which causes uncertainty among people. After all, it is not too long ago when people were dying in pandemics of plague, cholera or influenza. A human can be infected by viruses, bacteria, fungal organisms or parasites, many of which can infect several animal species. Diseases transmissible from animals to humans are called zoonoses. For efficient surveillance of zoonoses the cooperation of both veterinary and hygienic services is required. Its aim is timely detection and elimination of infection sources. It is based primarily on pointed veterinary and hygienic-epidemiological surveillance. In this thesis, I focused on the importance of collaboration of veterinary and public health services in the prevention of infectious diseases. One of the objectives of this work is to compare the occurrence of selected human zoonosis diseases in South Bohemia in the years 2002-2010. The second objective is to compare the extent of anti-epidemic measures adopted by veterinary services and public health authorities. In this thesis, a qualitative-quantitative research was utilized. The research aimed to determine the importance of cooperation of public health authorities and veterinary services in the prevention of infectious diseases. The quantitative part of the survey was conducted through the method of secondary data analysis. In the qualitative part of the survey, a semi-structured interview was held with the head of the epidemiology department of the District Hygienic Station of České Budějovice and with the director of the Regional Veterinary Administration for the South Bohemian Region. On the basis of the results of the research and implemented interviews I came to this conclusion: 1) The co-operation during the transmission of infectious diseases is ensured sufficiently. 2) The range of anti-epidemic measures adopted in the veterinary field and in the field of public health is sufficient. This thesis can serve as an educational material for students studying Bachelor or Master Degree of public health protection, because as public health service employees they will deal with issues related to veterinary supervision in practice.
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