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Study of physiological characteristics of \kur{Drosophila melanogaster} IDGF mutants
KOCIÁNOVÁ, Jitka
Products of Drosophila Idgf genes comprise a small protein family, related to chitinases. The main function of these proteins is to support cell proliferation and activate immune responses. IDGF proteins are present in large quantity in the hemolymph, especially during infections. In this study, I compared the speed of hemolymph cloting, the number and morphological properties of hemocytes after infection by entopathogenic nematodes and parasitic wasps. The results confirm the role of Idgf genes in Drosophila immune system.
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Education by a nurse in the care about children with allergic diseases
VRŠANOVÁ, Markéta
Allergy may be called a disease of the century and we rank it among civilization diseases. In the mid 20th century allergy was confirmed to one of a hundred inhabitants, and every fifth inhabitant of the Republic is allergic nowadays. Unfortunately more and more children suffer from this disease. To be able to understand the disease better and to cope with that a human needs as much information as possible. Education by nurses plays a key role in this sphere. Educational activities of nurses form an inseparable part of successful allergy treatment. The Thesis examines whether education and approach of a nurse to parents and children influences their view of and approach to the disease. The first aim of the thesis was to find how parents are informed about their child{\crq}s disease {--} allergy {--} by a nurse and what particular effect the disease has on their family. The second aim of the thesis was to find out how a child patient understands his/her problem and how he/she is educated in the treatment regime by a nurse. The theoretical part deals with the history of allergy and the immune system, types of allergies, prevention, their treatment, education by a nurse and communication. The practical part analyses information from a research. Quantitative research in the form of two questionnaires was chosen for the investigation. The first one was designed for parents accompanying their children to allergy clinics and the other one for children being treated for some kind of allergy. The research was performed at allergy clinics in Písek and Strakonice between the end of November 2009 and the end of March 2010, and 70 respondents participated in both the questionnaires. The aims of the Thesis were met, the hypotheses confirmed. The results confirmed the hypotheses that parents and children understand their diseases, they know the prevention and treatment of the disease thanks to education by a nurse.
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Opportunistic parasites in patients of geriatric facilities
ČERNÁ, Lenka
The main aim of this work has been the screening of opportunistic intestinal parasites in old people. The older persons may be vulnerable by opportunistic parasites due to the aging of the immune system. Stool samples were collected from patients of different age and sex in a geriatric facility and from the elderly who live in their homes. Light and fluorescent microscopy and molecular diagnostics (PCR) were used as the diagnostic methods. A sedimentation concentration method (M.I.F.C.) was used for the detection of protists, cysts and helmint eggs or larvae and the staining method Miláček et. Vítovec for the detection of cryptosporidia. Staining with calcofuor served for the detection of microsporidial spores. PCR was used for identification of microsporidia species in the stool samples. Only mammalian microsporidia Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Enterocytozoon bienusi were detected in the stool samples. Prevalence of microsporidia in patients of a geriatric facility was 8,3 % and in the second group 18 %. Most positive samples (33%) were in the age category 47 {--} 60 years.
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Opportunistic parasites of the patients with transplants and other immunosupressed individuals
ZAJÍČKOVÁ, Petra
The main objective of this study was to establish the rate of occurrence of opportunistic parasites in patients with bone-marrow transplants. As a result of reduced immunity due to immunosuppresive therapy, these patients are more susceptible to multiple infections, in particular to infections caused by opportunistic parasites. The parasites were detected using MIFC sedimentation, staining according to Miláček-Vítovec and Calcofluor staining. These methods were used to investigate a total of 100 samples, of which 4 were positive for the presence of microporidia. The presence of microsporidia in the four samples was confirmed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Occurrence of other opportunistic parasites was not confirmed. Microsporidia were found in 7,4% of patients with bone-marrow transplants. This fact was rather surprising as the increasing number of patients with suppressed immunity is associated with increased occurrence of these opportunistic parasites as well. The results of this research might be used not only as educational material for the undergraduates of the Faculty of Health and Social studies, but also for the public concerned with this issue.
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The Interaction between Psychological Stress and the Immune System
DAŇKOVÁ, Barbora
This work deals with the effect of undesirable stress on human organism and follows the responses of immunity system to long-term psychical burden. The goal is to provide a survey on this interaction and to alert to the burnout syndrome as manifestation of weakening of the organism at all its levels. The knowledge on the causes, symptoms and prevention of burnout syndrome is focused on the personality of the teacher whose profession is included among the most endangered ones. The results of the work confirmed the presence of the symptoms of burnout syndrome among teachers and alerted to the fact that stress is mostly present at the physical level or their perception. This work points out that the information on the manifestations of burnout syndrome is unquestionably included among the knowledge directed at efficient prevention.
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The quality of life of patients suffering from chronical cold
BOHATÁ, Hana
Chronic rhinitis is an inflammatory disorder of the nasal mucous membranes which is provoked by exposure to allergens. The most important allergens are - house dust mites, pollens, animal allergens, mould etc. Allergy is also influenced by hereditary factors. Treatment of the complaint involves avoidance of triggers if possible and pharmacological therapy. This therapy may start with using treatments on an as required basis purchased from the pharmacist. If the symptoms worsen then the patient should seek help from a specialist. It requires a long-term management plan and the active cooperative of the patient. I selected the following targets: Target1: Find out how chronic rhinitis can affect the quality of the patient{\crq}s life. Target2: Find out if patients with chronic rhinitis are well informed about their disorder. The results were: H1: Chronic rhinitis has a negative effect on the quality of the patient{\crq}s life.H2: Patients are well informed about their disorder. I would like to present the results of my work to doctors and nurses engaged in this line of work.
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Comlex rehabilitative care for pre-school children passing curative stays
KREJČÍ, Andrea
Complex rehabilitative care for pre-school children undergoing c urative stays is the care of which the main task is to promote the health of a child as a whole or, if impaired, to bring it back to normal. A child sanatorium is a health care facility providing long-term preventive care for child patients through its complex therapeutic and rehabilitative methods during the child{\crq}s entire curative stay. It strives for reaching the optimum health condition of a child and for the elimination of possible fallouts. Curative stays are recommended by pediatricians. Generally, curative stays are designed for children between 3 and 15 years of age. They are covered by all health insurance companies. The aim of the thesis was to find out the current possibilities of the use of curative stay offers in the Czech Republic and how the offer of such stays is used, specifically in the mountainous climatic conditions. Also, the work aimed at the factors leading to the fact that some children use the curative stays repeatedly. In order to gather the necessary data to define the aim of the thesis, the method of questionnaire was used and the technique of written questionnaire was used to collect the data. The research used parents and other relatives of the pre-school children who at least once participated in the curative stay together with their child or children. The research was conducted at the Child Sanatorium of Javorník in Šumava during the months of January and February 2007. The hypothesis based on the presumption that the opportunity to use the offer of curative stays for pre-school children is influenced mostly by socio-economic factors was not confirmed. It has been detected that the physicians play an important role in this field. The second hypothesis concerning the repetitive use of the curative stays offer as not being directly linked to the curative effect of the previous stays was also not confirmed because the reasons leading the guardian escort to the decision to send the child or children for a repetitive curative stay are directly linked to the fact that the recently undergone stay has helped the health condition of their child or children.
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