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Comparison of knowledge of nurses and practrical nurses about the prevention and treatment of decubitus
Krajč, Lukáš ; Kordulová, Pavla (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
For my bachelor thesis I chose the area of decubitus.Dekubitus is a serious complicationthat affects all age groups of patients and reduces their quality of life. Occurrence of decubitus is one of the basic indicators of quality of treatment and nursing care and is carefully monitored. Nevertheless, despite the quality and professional care of nursing staff, they arise, as there are factors that can not affect the occurrence of pressure decay. At the stage when there is alreadya decubitus,treatment is coming. Just as today it is no longer possible to treat the decubitus as a separate problem, so its treatment must be conceived in a comprehensiveway. There are a large amount of moneyspent on prevention and treatment of bed sores. The most effective money spent is on prevention that deliberately protects patients from harming their health. In the theoretical part I open the issue of decubitus. In particular, I focus on diagnostics, treatment and prevention.The basis for the work was based on the research created in the National Medical Library. Also included was the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP). In my work I use the ISO 690 citation standard. Methodology: I have chosen a quantitative form of research for the bachelor thesis. Quantitative data collection using a structured...
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The immobile ill person at home
LANGOVÁ, Tereza
The aim of this thesis was to find out the most frequent problems of the immobile patients and the people who care about them at home. This thesis is divided in two parts. The first part is theoretical and the second part empirical, which is based on the scientific reasearch itself. The theoretical part contains the definition and the contents of the expression immobility and the immobility syndrome. Then we follow with the most frequent demonstrations of the immobility syndrome. In the next topic there are needs of the immobile patients and the family that cares about them, then we mentioned the help for the members of the family and the home care agencies. The part that is very important is the area of the surroundings of the immobile patients that need more attention. In the last section we mention the allowances for disabled people and the areas where the patients can find help. The empirical part of this thesis was based on the quality approach and with the assistance of the semi-structural dialogue. The dialogues were carried out with the immobile patients at their homes and the people who take care of them as well. The information we got were afterwards analysed and put in the tables. The results of the research showed the most frequent problems of the patients and the people who take care of them at home and that is non-sufficient awareness of the care at home and the help of the home care agencies, social services and some other kinds aids. Concerning the patients it was mainly the problem of hygiene, food, emptying, building amendments at home. It is very important to mention that all the problems mentioned by both sides patients and their helpers wouldn´t appear if they were sufficiently informed before leaving hospital and going home.
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Comparison of chosen nursing in prevention of immobility syndrome in a senior nursing home in Germany and the Czech Republic for lying immobile patients.
ČERNÁ, Lucie
As the population is getting older there is increased number of geriatric patients. However there is also increased number of immobile seniors, who are not able to take care of themselves. Comprehensive health and social security is being provided in homes for elderly, which fulfil the role of long-term institutional care. Nurses must be trained for this highly professional and knowledgeable nursing care aimed at geriatric problems. For geriatric clients of home for elderly it´s important realization of prevention, treatment and social measures in the form of an individual approach. That these measures can be implemented it is necessary to evaluate the health status of seniors, their physical performance, self-sufficiency and mental functions in connection with the social situation and to formulate a nursing diagnosis. As a result of long-term bed rest can lead to health complications affecting all body systems, so-called immobilization syndrome. How to prevent secondary damage that threatens the patients White Theo arge already ill is focused rehabilitation nursing. Among rehabilitation resources in the prevention of immobilization syndrome in nursing practice arge included: positioning, verticalization, mobilization. Inseparable part of prevention measures is preventing health complications in case of immobile clients homes for the elderly arge suitably selected positioning aids, mobilizing resources, well-equipped bed with antidekubitus system. In the thesis there were two objectives. To Compare keeping preventive measures which prevent the formation of pressure ulcers and muscle contractures in nursing care for immobile patients in the Czech and German retirement homes. To map out the possibilities of aids in the prevention of complications in immobile clients in the Czech and German retirement homes. Bachelor thesis has been made by using qualitative research. For collection of data was used a method in-depth interviews with four Czech and four German nurses. This method involved non-standardized interviews through open-ended questions that were recorded by dictaphone and transcribed verbatim. The data analysis was carried out by hand coding or using a pencil and paper. By analyzing the data four categories were created, each divided into the home for the elderly in the Czech Republic and the home for the elderly in Germany: 1.Nurses knowledge ,2.Implementation of preventive measures , 3.Equipment for immobile clients, 4.General knowledge related to immobile clients. Research survey found out that there is not a big difference in adherence to preventive measures to prevent the formation of decubitus and muscle contractures in nursing care for immobile patients in Czech and German homes for the elderly and comparable are also the possibilities of using tools to prevent complications in case of immobile clients. The biggest gap in nursing care for clients is bad knowledge of contractures in both homes for the elderly. Also keeping documentation and records relevant to the implementation of preventive measures in the Czech home for the elderly is not satisfactory. Mobilization record is missing and positioning record should be more detailed. We therefore propose the creation of positioning and mobilization recording modeled according to the German retirement home and handing it to the leadership of retirement home in the Czech.
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Dependence of the immobile and self-unsufficient clients on staff nursing in a rest home for the seniors
POTŮČKOVÁ, Marie
With increasing age expectancy the number of older people who become immobile, is increasing those people are not self-sufficient anymore, often suffering from dementia, and therefore they can become dependent on the care of other people. If this dependency is only of a small extent, the families usually try to take care of such older people themselves. But with decreasing self-sufficiency when seniors do not manage to be alone at home all day, they need to stay in some type of home for senior citizens. They then go into residential social institutions where the nursing staff takes care of them. How do these clients see such care and how do they cope with their situation. What is their experience with the staff? The thesis tries to answer the above mentioned questions. It also tries to review the biggest problems seen by the staff taking care of immobile, dependent clients often suffering dementia.
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Prevention of immobilization syndrome in elderly hospitalized at the Department of aftercare in the context of the multidisciplinary approach.
KRÁLOVÁ SOMMEROVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis focuses on an actual topic in the care of the elderly. It is prevention of immobilization syndrome of the elderly in context of a multidisciplinary approach. The thesis is focused on the elderly hospitalized at an after-care unit. In the introduction to the theoretical part the current state of a quality of an elderly life is assessed. Subsequently particular terms related to old age and senescence are defined. An inseparable part of the assessment of the quality of the elderly life is the classification of self-sufficiency and efficiency. Here the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is mentioned as a meaningful tool for the availability of social services, but also as a clinical tool. The definition of immobilization syndrome emphasizes that this is a geriatric syndrome, which is closely connected to hypomobility, decondition, instability, falls, sarcopenia and other geriatric symptoms and syndromes. The main topic of the thesis - the multidisciplinary approach - is summarized in seventh subchapter and its sections. Individual team members and their basic activities while working with the client are defined here. The research part of the thesis is divided into several chapters. It is processed in a form of qualitative research. It follows the theoretical observations and assesses the work of particular members of the multidisciplinary team in practice. The analysis of personal documents was used on purpose, medical records of selected clients were used as source. Case reports were created afterwards. Case reports are processed using the medical records of clients from the after-care unit. They are also supplemented by the client's point of view, using questions within a semi-structured interview. In the course of case studies, commentary from involved observation is inserted. The conclusion consists of evaluation tables. Detailed expression , comparison of the results and overall summary are in chapter "Discussion". The research question should be answered whether the attitude to clients of the after-care unit is multidisciplinary and whether it corresponds with the needs of clients. The most important finding of this bachelor thesis is that a major factor is the client's diagnosis, and the individual team member's approach to the client. In "Discussion" chapter a comparison based on specialized literature is provided, discussing the long-term care in the international context. Research may be used as feedback to organizations providing long-term care to ensure better conditions of quality of elderly life. It can also be used as a basis for the realization of specific preventive measures. It would definitely be useful to chart the basic research situation in other healthcare facilities or private facilities providing health and social services.
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Methods of handling of rather less self-sufficient and non-self-sufficient clients in residential houses for elderly persons in the Region of South Bohemia
ČÁPOVÁ, Pavlína
Handling of clients is an integral part of everyday work of most of nurses. It constitutes also the largest physical load for nurses. Correctly conducted handling of a client and usage of handling aids reduces both the physical load for nurses and the risks of nurses{\crq} injuries sustained in relation with handling. As far as clients are concerned, the risks connected with handling are reduced and the comfort of the nursing care is increased then. Handling includes positioning, shifting, lifting to chairs and verticalisation. Correct handling of a client allows prevention of the complications resulting from immobility and thus also maintenance and even renewal of a client{\crq}s self-sufficiency. The bachelor thesis themed ``Methods of handling of rather less self-sufficient and non-self-sufficient clients in residential houses for elderly persons in the Region of South Bohemia{\crqq} has a research character. It is divided into two parts {--} a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part is focused on old-age, self-sufficiency, immobility and handling of clients. The practical part consists of a quantitative research conducted by a questionnaire method, in which we attempt to confirm the raised hypotheses. H1: Nursing staff has no practical experience in the area of handling of clients. H2: Residential houses for elderly persons are not sufficiently equipped with handling aids. H3: Nursing staff in residential houses for elderly persons does not require changes in the established manner of handling of clients. Nurses in residential houses for elderly persons in the Region of South Bohemia obtained 150 questionnaires, of which 126 were returned, i.e. 84 %. The final set of regularly filled out questionnaires for the research consisted of 108 questionnaires. The objective of the thesis is to ascertain the level of knowledge and practical experience of nurses in the area of handling of clients, and to ascertain and compare the manners of utilization of technical aids and equipment facilitating handling in residential houses for elderly persons in the Region of South Bohemia. The results of the thesis should redound to more regardful, comfortable and considerate handling of rather less and non-self-sufficient clients in residential houses for elderly persons, and facilitate the work of nursing staff in terms of their own health.
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Constipation - problem of immobile patients
HULIČKOVÁ, Tereza
My thesis deals with constipation in immobile patients. The research was carried out by collecting data using the questionnaire method. The questionnaires were focused on immobile patients of all ages hospitalized in any units in the České Budějovice hospital, Inc. The objective of this thesis was to survey the drinking regimen and eating habits in immobile patients and to analyze their impact on the development of constipation. I set three hypotheses: The first hypothesis suggests that immobile patients´ alimentation does not include an increased requirement for dietary fiber. My research shows that patients´ diet at home contains more fruits, vegetables and whole meal bread. A diet therapist hardly ever comes to see hospitalized immobile patients. Most patients are not on any diet which would limit the intake of particular nutrients. The first hypothesis was confirmed. The second hypothesis suggests that immobile patients do not observe the drinking regimen. The research data analysis shows that patients´ fluid intake is the same no matter if they stay in hospital or at home {--} it is about 1- 2 litres a day. The fluid intake depends on patients´ age, weight and health condition. It is possible to say that immobile patients observe the drinking regimen. The second hypothesis was not confirmed. The third hypothesis suggests that immobile patients do not have enough privacy while they pass stool. They feel ashamed and these feelings also raise the constipation development. There is a lot to improve in this respect, the nursing staff should be aware of the fact that immobile patients need more intimacy at passing bowel motion. It is not surprising that most immobile patients feel the lack of privacy in hospital. In my opinion not enough attention is paid to the question of privacy in hospitals. This has a negative impact on patients´comfort. Patients´ diet should include more dietary fiber. Individual consultations with a diet therapist are advisable for patients. The nursing staff should also focus on the patients´ drinking regimen. The right diet and drinking regimen may contribute to constipation prevention. The empathetic, holistic, psychological and sensitive approach to patients should improve patients´ condition and alleviate their pain. Each nurse should make her best to prevent patients from feeling undignified in hospital.
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Using the compensative aids helping with movement and handling at an immobile patient
JAROLÍNOVÁ, Romana
This BA thesis looking at "The Use of Compensatory Aids Enabling Movement and Handling of Immobile Patients" describes the reaction of the organism to immobility, the compensatory aids and handling of immobile patients. The practical part takes form of a quantitative research. The research compares nurses' experience with handling immobile patients correctly in hospitals and the homes for the elderly. Furthermore, the research states which establishments use lifting equipment and if nurses are aware of the existence of compensatory aids.
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